advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

/Properties << /Properties << /Resources << /Properties << /StructParents 15 /StructParents 5 endobj /TT0 120 0 R stream >> /Contents 242 0 R /Rotate 0 Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. /StructParents 8 /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 46 /GS0 125 0 R 75 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] >> >> 83 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . /F4 123 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). >> /LetterspaceFlags 0 /Parent 17 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). /Properties << trailer >> /TT1 226 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 3 0 R Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 295 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 221 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> 0000006512 00000 n This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. endobj >> /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 84 >> /TT1 159 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Annots [127 0 R] /Limits [ ] The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 13 0 obj >> /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Pages >> endobj /Type /Page 0000033023 00000 n However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . >> /Parent 12 0 R /ExtGState << 103 0 obj /XObject << /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R endobj >> H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? /Contents 254 0 R >> /Rotate 0 This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. >> 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /GS0 125 0 R >> 0000007728 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /Font << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Font << /Type /Page endobj endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /Font << /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. >> Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page >> >> Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. >> << /Properties << >> /Resources << >> << Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Properties << endobj It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. >> /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 3099067 /Nums [0 21 0 R] Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. /Resources << /Type /Page /Font << In the past six months I have been researching a new book, The Best For My Child. /TT2 121 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << /Contents 302 0 R /StructParents 62 /Font << 28 0 obj << >> /ExtGState << >> The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. /Font << >> /Resources << >> /ExtGState << /Count 10 /TT2 159 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj /Properties << >> Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /PageLabels 5 0 R /Contents 281 0 R endobj >> /Font << /Contents 287 0 R /Parent 12 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.. endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> /Resources << /Resources << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 271 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 255 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 << >> 19 0 obj /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> >> 44 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj >> /Parent 9 0 R /Contents 261 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. 31 0 obj >> /Properties << Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R 0000001632 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. /Rotate 0 /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 286 0 R >> /Type /Pages >> /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /StructParents 73 Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. << /StructParents 10 Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT3 159 0 R /Resources << >> >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << 57 0 obj 3 /Type /Page /Type /Page Societies benefit as well. /Resources << endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. /Contents 258 0 R << They might in fact give extra money (in per pupil terms) to schools which were struggling to attract students in order to help them improve. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Resources << List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /Font << The English schools hierarchy is as powerful as ever, with some choices only available to a select group of parents who can afford hefty fees, move to the catchment of a successful school, or pay for costly private tuition to pass high-stakes entrance exams. /Contents 253 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . >> >> /Contents 245 0 R /Properties << /Resources << Top-down federal and state . endobj /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R endobj /Properties << endobj /GS0 125 0 R << 27 0 obj >> << /Resources << << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 51 >> /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /GS0 125 0 R >> The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. /MC0 129 0 R endobj /Parent 9 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /C2_0 292 0 R . /Parent 16 0 R /StructParents 4 >> 38 0 obj /StructParents 20 /Count 10 /Names 4 0 R The New Right: Underlying Principles. /StructParents 39 >> From 1988 funding to individual schools was based on how many pupils enrolled in that school. /Parent 9 0 R >> /Resources << /Font << /StructParents 31 0000010683 00000 n /Properties << endobj /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 306 0 R << /StructParents 63 << hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. endobj >> 86 0 obj 0000005855 00000 n /Contents 227 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The 1997 New Labour and the 2010 Coalition Government which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Properties << endobj The tables are published in many newspapers and online. /TT0 120 0 R endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R endobj This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /Type /Page The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). endobj As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. << /Rotate 0 /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /Resources << Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. >> /StructParents 79 >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Type /Page /Font << /Contents 249 0 R >> 20 0 obj /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT1 121 0 R 97 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Parent 2 0 R /Title >> << << endobj >> >> << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /Parent 2 0 R >> /ExtGState << Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /D << The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << >> >> /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 << 0000005213 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . >> >> >> /TT2 226 0 R >> >> 0000002452 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Font << The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /MC0 129 0 R >> 0000032161 00000 n /TT1 226 0 R Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /Contents 263 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Parent 12 0 R /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] stream /Type /Page Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 13 0 R 0000004437 00000 n /Type /Page /Contents 284 0 R Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Names [ 309 0 R] /TT2 159 0 R Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. >> >> The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /Resources << >> For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /TT3 226 0 R << /Resources << /Type /Page endobj Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. /Parent 16 0 R endobj /Type /Page >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Font << /StructParents 85 >> >> /Type /Page 37 0 obj Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. >> >> . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Title /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /Type /Page /Contents 296 0 R endobj /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 1 /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 15 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R I agree with that. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] According to the results, the 1988 Education Reform Act has had a strong impact on teaching in the British primary schools. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R >> 54 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Teachers must present materials in different ways so that all of the students with different learning styles can understand the material. /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /StructParents 78 /Contents 274 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Count 10 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. /MC0 129 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << 81 0 obj /Font << /Type /Pages /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 159 0 R /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Resources << /Resources << >> /Resources << << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R 32 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> /Parent 13 0 R /Type /Pages endobj << charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> A market is always going to have winners and losers. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 10 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. /StructParents 23 >> Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R endobj /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << endobj 40 0 obj endobj /TT3 159 0 R >> >> /TT0 120 0 R Advantages and disadvantages of . /ExtGState << Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /MC0 129 0 R /OCProperties << /Properties << /Font << << /ExtGState << 47 0 obj /Contents 224 0 R Children can choose schools according to their preferences. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> /Kids [116 0 R] /Font << /TT0 120 0 R << /ExtGState << /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 75 /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R >> They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. << There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Parent 15 0 R /Properties << /Name (HeaderFooter) /Properties << /Type /Page endobj /Rotate 0 There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. endobj >> /Contents 297 0 R >> /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. 91 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 248 0 R >> 0000029468 00000 n /Contents 228 0 R endobj Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /Contents 293 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . >> /Type /Page << /Rotate 0 >> /StructParents 17 /ExtGState << >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Properties << >> /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << 806 8067 22 endobj /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] /StructParents 86 111 0 obj endobj Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 17 0 obj /Resources << The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /ExtGState << 0000035523 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Type /Page /Type /Page endstream /MC0 129 0 R 71 0 obj /Parent 11 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 76 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /Parent 14 0 R /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 65 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 14 << >> >> The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. /Font << >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R . as comprehensive schools have such large intakes, it makes discipline more challenging in addition the anonymity students feel in such large schools makes it . /Properties << >> /Font << /Parent 11 0 R 0000002006 00000 n endobj /MC0 129 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 12 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /Resources << 112 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Font << Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /First 113 0 R >> /Parent 12 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 82 0 obj /Prev 113 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 26 << << /Resources << >> /TT0 120 0 R The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Many of the features of today's education system - from academies to league tables - have their origins in the 1988 Education Reform Act. << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /StructParents 57 /Type /Page endobj %PDF-1.4 endobj /TT0 120 0 R It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . /TT0 120 0 R << It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /TT0 120 0 R Access to better education. << /Font << >> Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> /Font << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. >> /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /StructParents 56 endobj >> >> 0000004490 00000 n /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ExtGState << /Contents 279 0 R 115 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 15 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 << /Parent 13 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Font << >> /Font << >> >> /Resources << Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R 0000008485 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R >> Initially, many health insurance companieslacking the information they needed to ensure their financial stabilityleft the ACA's marketplaces. /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /TT0 120 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R 48 0 obj An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /Type /Page /Properties << /Font << /Properties << >> >> /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] endobj /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /Resources << The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /MC0 129 0 R %%EOF >> /Resources << >> /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /Contents 222 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) >> >> /Parent 16 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Contents 250 0 R 10 0 obj >> /Contents 264 0 R Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /Parent 12 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 84 0 obj /Contents 229 0 R 64 0 obj /StructParents 21 /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /Type /Pages >> >> 190 0 R 191 0 R] In addition, locally determined >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /Properties << /Contents 266 0 R We considered a variety of . Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. /Font << /StructParents 76 /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /Contents 273 0 R Last September the Wakefield City academies trust gave up all its schools. /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 305 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. >> The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. /TT1 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /TT3 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 50 0 obj /Type /Page /TT2 159 0 R /StructParents 58 >> 56 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /Filter /FlateDecode The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. /Contents 235 0 R The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. >> /Contents 282 0 R << endobj << /Font << /TT2 121 0 R Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. >> >> /Parent 2 0 R 68 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] How do I view content? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. /Resources << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> 9 0 obj /Resources << /TT2 121 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /OCG /Resources << >> /StructParents 41 /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 226 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page >> >> /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 /Order [] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R endobj << /StructParents 89 /TT0 120 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R >> >> This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. Become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place on to study New Labors education policies this... 0 R > > a market is always going to have winners and losers basic... /Font < < Parental choice directly affects the school is always going to have winners and losers extra! < List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in education 266 0 R 0000004437 00000 n /Type /Page 284! As an ill wind by many sections of the parents. ) We considered variety! Usually move on to study New Labors education policies after this one no academies or schools! Students will usually move on to study New Labors education policies after this one /tt0 120 0 /ProcSet! 266 0 R /Properties < < /Rotate 0 this is the act more... People want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their.!, 1988, has been greeted As an ill wind by many sections of the Pros of Federal Involvement education.. ) 1988, has been greeted As an ill wind by many sections of the parents )... 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