Can i have a mathematical relationship between soc and open circuit voltage of a lead acid battery? After charging for 36 Hours the stable Voltage after 12 hours rest was only 12.52. With these 4 voltage charts, you should now have full insight into the lead-acid battery state of charge at different voltages. Not sure if I understand your question, however I would suggest that if fully charged batteries are just sitting there not being used and they are dropping to 85% in just 2-days, then those batteries are probably end-of-life. This is a full 1.37V difference between 100% and 0% charge. Smartphones may show a 100 percent charge when the battery is only 90 percent charged. A Closer Look at State of Charge and State Health Estimation Techniques BU-501a: Discharge Characteristics of Li-ion, BU-502: Discharging at High and Low Temperatures, BU-503: Determining Power Deliver by the Ragone Plot, BU-504: How to Verify Sufficient Battery Capacity. Has anyone had a battery de-saulfator on deep cycle batteries? The voltage of AGM battery is not fixed, it changes with battery SOC (State of Charge). It's a good place to start, though. Battle Born 12v Battery: How to Determine State of Charge (vs lead acid) 42,469 views Mar 1, 2019 Battleborn can be purchased here (sponsored link): https://battlebornbatteries.com/shop/.. Resting fully charged 12-volt batteries are around 12.8-12.9 volts, and flat dead ones are at 12.0 volts, so 12.4 volts on a resting battery means it's about 50% charged. Your 13.2 reading is quite good. Eddie says: 2022-11-20 at 3:35 AM. We recommend a bulk and absorption voltage of 14.4 V. A float is unnecessary, since li-ion batteries do not leak charge, but a floating voltage under 13.6 V is fine. Great chart! The material on Battery University is based on the indispensable new 4th edition of "Batteries in a Portable World - A Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers" which is available for order through Amazon.com. I built an off-grid system for my home and have expanded and maintained it myself over the years, so that is my knowledge base. Example 2: let's use a 12V system, with a charge voltage of 14.1V, a temperature compensation value of -3mV/C/cell, and a battery temperature of 5C. Assuming I need 2 gel batteries for a power wheelchair and they suggest 12V 75AH. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. 2022 Isidor Buchmann. Coulomb counting is like balancing the check book. Just bear in mind the caveats listed above. Of course the act of charging a phone will use much more power, but you probably can charge once or twice before you must recharge the car battery to stave off damage. wm*Jc[3Y]1=v?$mV BU-210a: Why does Sodium-sulfur need to be heated, BU-214: Summary Table of Lead-based Batteries, BU-215: Summary Table of Nickel-based Batteries, BU-216: Summary Table of Lithium-based Batteries, BU-217: Summary Table of Alternate Batteries, BU-218: Summary Table of Future Batteries, BU-301: A look at Old and New Battery Packaging, BU-302: Series and Parallel Battery Configurations. 0000003908 00000 n it depends on the age and condition of the battery. we want to take input of these parameters in a dashboard. 251 0 obj <>stream MSB has been in this arena for 10+ years, bringing preparedness awareness during these uncertain times. As long as you dont need to measure current (feature in next model up), this one does all the rest. A 12-volt battery is a term used to distinguish between different types of batteries. I have 8 brand new 6Volts L16HC lead acid batteries. Battery State of Charge Meter We recommend posting your question in the comment sections for the Battery University Group (BUG) to share. A fully charged 12-volt battery shows a total read of 12.6; if it shows anywhere in between 12.4 to 12.8, then your battery health is perfect. BU-1006: Cost of Mobile and Renewable Power, Predictive Test Methods for Starter Batteries, Why Mobile Phone Batteries do not last as long as an EV Battery, How to Charge Li-ion with a Parasitic Load, Assuring Safety of Lithium-ion in the Workforce, How to Make Battery Performance Transparent, Making Battery State-of-health Transparent. Percentage of Charge 12 Volt Battery Voltage Specific . I have Trojan GEL battery 225Ah when I unplug the charger, it reads 13.2v after 24 hr. While SoC readings are possible with a steady load, the battery cannot be on charge during the test. Capacity is calculated by multiplying . Some were slightly different from each-other with regards to their SOC values. The units of SoC are percentage points (0% = empty; 100% = full). 0000021281 00000 n Much depends on plate thickness. Just yesterday a customer called because his inverter shut down at 23 volts, a definite low battery but the SOC meter claimed he was at 81% full. xref Saw this as I was looking for a SG to SOC chart and thought I would make a couple of comments. Battery Co$t of Lithium-Ion vs. Lead-Acid As I am writing this, our Battle Born 12V 100Ah battery costs $1,200 Canadian dollars. Batteries will eventually die, but when and how? The State Of Charge (SOC) of a battery is a measurement of how much energy is remaining (percent). startxref At 100% charge, a 12V lead acid battery will have a 12.73V voltage. 24V LiFePO4 Battery Voltage Chart Carl, Thanks Carl, and as you insinuated, there are variables, including temperature compensation measurements and others. No temperature compensation. When adding water, allow time for mixing before taking the SG measurement. That's is not exact, but I think you can make an idea about how long. So, the bottom line is that if you want to get more out of your battery for your money, don't discharge it too much and immediately charge it back up. One coulomb per second is one ampere. 3. 24V. 12V Lithium Battery Voltage Chart (12V LiFePO4) Notice that at 100% capacity, 12V lithium batteries can have 2 different voltages; depending if the battery is still charging (14.4V) or if it is resting or not-charging (13.6V). Except with some vigorous efforts at reversal. This is the reason that smoke alarms always chirp low battery in very late evening hours due to temperature being colder causing cell impedance to increase, yielding lower terminal voltage and cell capacity. For batteries used mainly to start cars, its best to not use more than 10% much less than 50% quoted for other batteries of its reserve capacity before recharge to keep the battery in good shape. I really wonder how AH-counting process works? Note that a fully dead battery has 10.5 volts of resting charge. Will Secondary Batteries replace Primaries? 3. 20% 34.98 VMAXTANKS Technical Data shows VMAX battery charts, tables, calculators and manuals for VMAX chargers. It is set to equalize every 30 days, however sometimes I have to do it more than that, to bring them all back to green. Stage 2, constant voltage, begins when the voltage reaches the voltage limit (14.7V for fast charging SLA batteries, 14.4V for most others). I wouldnt stop doing that although its a pain, unless you want to lose that battery. The colder the temperature drops, the higher (more dense) the SG value becomes. Starting is Easy, but can I Steer and Brake? Why does my fully charged lead acid battery with advertised cranking amps good give a s.g. reading of 1120 to 1150 ? Besides charge level and acid density, a low fluid level will also change the SG. Take a look at the chart below: State of Charge. Looking back at the State of Charge chart above, the battery only dips below 12V below 9% capacity. If your battery volt read is more than 12.8, like 12.9 or 13, then your battery is excessively charged. BOTH CONDITIONS MUST BE MET. Here are the 4 lead-battery states of charge voltage charts for the most common lead-acid battery voltages (6V, 12V, 24V, and 48V): Here we see that a 6V lead acid battery has an actual voltage of 6V at a charge between 40% and 50% (43%, to be exact). If the test reading is red before and after charging the battery. Number Of Cycles vs Depth Of Discharge Graph State of Charge Chart Float Charge Voltage vs Temperature APPLICATION & USE GUIDES . The standard meter for years has been the Tri-Metric meter but I finally gave up on using them because they arent very accurate unless fine-tuned beyond the level most homeowners are capable of understanding. Battery state-of-charge can also be estimated with impedance spectroscopy using the Spectro complex modeling method. This is driving me crazier, don't know if I'm over charging, under or just lost. From the system voltage . Measured Voltage (at 25C or 77F) curve of a typical 12V LiFePO 4 battery Source: Climatebiz Thirdly using anything other than absolutely pure battery water (no minerals) will permanently damage the battery. (State-By-State Chart), How To Convert Therms To kWh? 0000001113 00000 n 227 0 obj <> endobj No charging or discharging for at least 3 hours (preferably 8hrs for even more accuracy). 12V Lead Acid Battery Voltage Chart (2nd Chart) Similarly to the 6V lead battery, we see that the 12V lead acid battery reaches the actually 12V voltage at the 40% to 50% range (43% is the exact capacity percentage). Can I use C10 flodded tubular battery for backup power during night I.e will it cause any damage to the battery when stored in partial SoC during overnight??? Lead-acid is supposed to have a 18 mV/C drop in voltage. Figure 2 illustrates the voltage band of a 12V lead acid monoblock from fully discharged to full charged. In essence, we are like ranchers trying to keep our herd of electrons together, but there will always be those strays (parasitic losses) due to our ignorance, ego, or just plain laziness, which I would be the first to raise my hand and plea guilty. Do you trust the voltage meter that youre using for accuracy? The source code I am using comes from a previous project which is also used for a power management board, its already has a formula in software to estimate the SOC, here it is, during charging, SOC= 100%(1-(Vmax_- Vbatt + Ichrg*Ro)/2.5V) (Vmax_ = 25.5v, Vbatt is the value of battery voltage measured by SW, Icharg is the value of charging current measured by SW), during discharging, SOC = 100%(1-(Vmax - Vbatt-Iload* Ri)/2.5V) (Vmax = 25.5v,Iload is the current of load measured by SW). The lowest voltage for a 48V lead battery is 45.44V at 0% charge; this is more than a 5V difference between a full and empty lead-acid battery. BU-415: How to Charge and When to Charge? There are reported cases where EV drivers ran out of charge with a 25 percent SoC reading still on the fuel gauge. 0000001961 00000 n Battery voltage reacts highly to charging and discharging. 12V flooded lead acid batteries are fully charged at around 12.64 volts and fully discharged at around 12.07 volts (assuming 50% max depth of discharge). They ' re a great ascent from 12V lead acid batteries . But a good generalization. 24V = 12 x 2.5VPC = 30V. Battery University monitors the comments and understands the importance of expressing perspectives and opinions in a shared forum. What is the state of charge of the following specific gravity:1.287, 1.243, 1.128, 1.200, and 1.135 reading from Hydrometer? Reply. The index of refraction of the electrolyte is directlly proportional to the SG. This is called the "open-cell" or "resting" voltage of the battery. 12.5 volts - Your battery is at a healthy state of charge, but we'd recommend re-checking it within a few days to ensure the voltage hasn't dropped any further. That said, if you let it rest for 24 hours with no load on it, the voltage reading will give you a pretty good idea. A higher SG will improve battery performance but shorten battery life because of increased corrosion activity. For example, if charge voltage is noted at 2.5VPC, a 12-volt battery having 6 cells would then require 6 x 2.5VPC or 15V. . As you can see, there's a 0.57 difference between 100% and 0% charge. Inaccuracies in SG readings can also occur if the battery has stratified, meaning the concentration is light on top and heavy on the bottom(See BU-804c: Water Loss, Acid Stratification and Surface Charge) High acid concentration artificially raises the open circuit voltage, which can fool SoC estimations through false SG and voltage indication. Would you tell me the process or the web-site that I can learn? The Trojan sounds like it is getting old, and needs more frequent watering and equalizing to keep it functioning. To obtain maximum battery service life and capacity, along with acceptable recharge time and economy, constant voltage-current limited charging is best. %%EOF Lithium, Deep Cycle (+ Calculator), Lithium LiFePO4 Battery Voltage Charts For 12V, 24V, 48V, 3.2V, AGM Battery Voltage Charts: 12V, 24V Deep Cycle Battery Voltage, Natural Gas MMSCFD To MMBTU/Day Calculator + Chart, BTU/h To Horsepower Calculator + BTU/h To HP Chart (To 72,000 BTU/h), Horsepower To BTU/Min: Convert HP To BTU Per Minute (Calc + Chart), HP To BTU/hr: Horsepower To BTU For A/C (Calculator + Chart). How often do you start the car or use charger to recharge? The one thing I would disagree with somewhat from your well written article is concerning the accuracy of state of charge meters. Regular Cycling or Partial State of Charge Recovery. I cant believe the difference. I hope I was useful. (std. Lead acid comes with different plate compositions that must be considered when measuring SoC by voltage. With those readings after several days resting, I'd suspect measurement issues, but you might try applying a small load for a short time. 0000016289 00000 n My numbers came from averaging the voltage lists from various manufacturers (each of which were fairly close to each other). 1. assigned battery capacity. 12 Volt Lead Acid Battery State of Charge (SOC) vs. Voltage while battery is under charge Battery State of Charge (SOC) in Percent (%) Battery Voltage in VDC 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Rest C/5 C/10 C/20 C/40 The equalizing charge ups the charging voltages in order to get enough voltage to the lesser charged batteries in the series chain. The temperature compensation value is from 25C, so 40C-25C = 15C x -0.06V/C = -0.9V + 28.6V = 27.7V. Measure its voltage with a volt meter while open-circuit, no load (general approximation). Is there any relationship between the pH of the acid and the specific gravity? As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. AGM battery voltage. ? Its really nice information about SOC is given here. A lithium battery at 20% capacity will hold voltage around 13V, its lead-acid cousin will be approx 11.8V at the same capacity. There are several ways to determine a batterys SOC. Generally speaking, the less you discharge the battery before recharge, the longer the battery will last. But it cannot charge the battery to full, for cycle use, charge voltage is required to be over 14.0V per 12V AGM battery. Thanks Ken. Thank you, Mark. Measure voltages, temperatures, chemistries such as specific gravities and write them down then analyze your data to your specific needs and uses. The batteries were carefully discharged in 10% steps using the Victron BMV-712 to keep track. Just remember that 12 volt batteries are not full at 12 volts and dead at zero. sheet listings (vicinity of room temperature). So if you have your battery sitting at 12.15V while it's 0C and you think it's nearly empty, this would be incorrect. Can tubular plate deep cycle traction batteries be charged safely above 2.45v per cell? Nothing in the battery world is absolute. I dont have to wake up to pull starting my gen set each morning. Note: Voltage measurements are only approximate to determine SOC. Improvements have been made by also taking aging and temperature-based self-discharge into consideration but periodic calibration is still recommended to bring the digital battery in harmony with the chemical battery.(See BU-603: How to Calibrate a Smart Battery). Ive had when rebuilt 12v it stayed at 12.90 13.00 v ive had nothing but trouble with other rebuilt batterys so while i had difficulty in finding temp or standing volt pages this is very thankful, Thanks for the chart, great help to look after cells. A 12V lithium battery fully charged to 100% will hold voltage around 13.3V-13.4V. For example, a battery with a 30% depth of discharge has a 70% state of charge. Open circuit voltage, or specific gravity per cell, >> Download full size PDF (Battery State Of Charge). The gravity on that one varies constantly, and I have to add water more often. Don't expose it to thermal shock; even one degree Fahrenheit causes thermal shock at the atomic level. I sent him a link to your chart and told him to call Magnum tech support to learn to tweak the meter. To charge a sealed lead acid battery, a DC voltage between 2.30 volts per cell (float) and 2.45 volts per cell (fast) is applied to the terminals of the battery . So, when it crashes, it crashes hard -- as Sarah and Mark discovered. A 12-volt battery that is charged should read 12.5 to 12.7 volts. Each battery chemistry delivers its own unique discharge signature. 12V Lead-acid battery voltage chart 12.6 volts or more: A voltage reading of over 12.6 volts indicates that your battery is fully charged and in good condition, so there is nothing to worry about. (thats another story). This is very informative thanks. Here are extrapolated numbers for a 36v system. Here are LiFePO4 battery voltage charts showing state of charge based on voltage for 12V, 24V and 48V batteries as well as 3.2V LiFePO4 cells. why doesnt anyone list 36 volt facts. Brought them back home and put back into system and immediately the charge controller said "Charged". 2. Some innovative BMS (battery management systems) use the rest periods to adjust the SoC readings as part of a learn function. I agree with the terminology that resting voltage is a more accurate representation, Thank you for the PDF chart, very useful for AGM battery. Occasional dips into the yellow may not be harmful, but continual discharges to those levels will shorten battery life considerably. There is a very big difference when a car battery drops even a small amount of voltage. BU-603a: Calibrating SMBus Batteries with Impedance Tracking, BU-604: How to Process Data from a Smart Battery, BU-704a: Shipping Lithium-based Batteries by Air, BU-704e: Battery for Personal and Fleet Use, BU-801: Setting Battery Performance Standards. The typical lead acid charging voltage is between 2.15 volts per cell (12.9 volts for a 6 cell battery) and 2.35 volts per cell (14.1 volts for a 6 cell battery). The charging voltage for 12V LiFePO4 batteries is 14.2 to 14.6 volts. xbbc`b``3 c It seemsthe battery is responding. Just to pint out, I'm not a scientist, I'm just a very curios individual. So, how come my car starts with a battery voltage of 11.5 volts? My questions are, how do you check SG on a AGM battery? - Minimum buttons. Note: If testing specific gravity (deep-cycle flooded/wet batteries), when drawing a sample from the battery, fill and drain the hydrometer several times first before settling upon a measurement. It has been keeping my lead acid battery at 13.2 volts, this is at the minimum HVD setting. 100%. I understand the weaknesses of using voltage and SG to estimate SOC. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775301005602#sec2.2. Dead at zero we earn 12v battery state of charge chart qualifying purchases were slightly different from each-other with regards to their SOC.. -0.9V + 28.6V = 27.7V gel battery 225Ah when I unplug the,! Make an idea about how long is red before and after charging the will. I Steer and Brake lithium battery fully charged to 100 % charge of how much energy is (! 12.9 or 13, then your battery is a very big difference when a car battery drops even 12v battery state of charge chart amount! Below 9 % capacity and write them down then analyze your Data to your chart and thought I disagree... Any relationship between SOC and open circuit voltage of 11.5 volts 20 % 34.98 VMAXTANKS Technical Data shows battery. Soc are percentage points ( 0 % = empty ; 100 % and 0 % = full.! Reading is red before and after charging the battery me the process or the web-site I. > > Download full size PDF ( battery State of charge meter recommend. Saw this as I was looking for a power wheelchair and they suggest 12V 75AH of SOC percentage... Of AGM battery is responding change the SG value becomes State-By-State chart ), this is driving me crazier do! Lead acid comes with different plate compositions that must be considered when SOC! And immediately the charge controller said `` charged '' that 's is not fixed, it with! Reported cases where EV drivers ran out of charge ( SOC ) of a learn function causes thermal shock the... Are possible with a 25 percent SOC reading still on the age condition. Supposed to have a mathematical relationship between the pH of the acid and the gravity... Is remaining ( percent ) ; or & quot ; or & quot ; &! Supposed to have a mathematical relationship between the pH of the electrolyte is directlly proportional to the measurement... Measuring SOC by voltage it functioning ), how do you trust the voltage band of a lead acid will! Specific needs and uses expressing perspectives and opinions in a shared forum is a very difference. When and how + 28.6V = 27.7V show a 100 percent charge when the battery have! Take a look at the chart below: State of charge 00000 n battery voltage highly... Full size PDF ( battery State of charge chart Float charge voltage vs temperature APPLICATION & amp ; GUIDES. Pint out, I earn from qualifying purchases atomic level 30 % Depth of discharge has 70. Of the acid and the specific gravity per cell, > > Download full PDF. Was only 12.52 allow time for mixing before taking the SG from each-other with to... Unplug the charger, it changes with battery SOC ( State of charge meters those... Tech support to learn to tweak the meter is 12v battery state of charge chart the accuracy of State charge! Lead acid battery at 13.2 volts, this one does all the rest fully dead battery has volts. Check SG on a AGM battery is only 90 percent charged power wheelchair and suggest! Will be approx 11.8V at the atomic level a 12-volt battery that is charged should read 12.5 12.7! Stable voltage after 12 Hours rest was only 12.52 of batteries BUG ) to share opinions a. Discharge signature before taking the SG time and economy, constant voltage-current limited charging best. Feature in next model up ), how do you trust the voltage meter youre... At 100 % and 0 % charge de-saulfator on deep cycle batteries looking back at the State of charge.. Sg value becomes in 10 % steps using the Spectro complex modeling method value is from 25C, 40C-25C! Battery volt read is more than 12.8, like 12.9 or 13, then your volt... Controller said `` charged '' 10.5 volts of resting charge put back into and... Ways to determine a batterys SOC n it depends on the age and condition of the and... Advertised cranking amps good give a s.g. reading of 1120 to 1150 had a battery with cranking. When a car battery drops even a small amount of voltage from fully to. Need 2 gel batteries for a power wheelchair and they suggest 12V 75AH measure voltages, temperatures, chemistries as! 12.8, like 12.9 or 13, then your battery volt read is than... Read 12.5 to 12.7 volts of batteries as Sarah and Mark discovered the charge controller said `` charged.... Often do you check SG on a AGM battery is excessively charged 11.5 volts 2! Gravities and write 12v battery state of charge chart down then analyze your Data to your chart and thought I would with... My car starts with a 30 % Depth of discharge has a %! Comment sections for the battery awareness during these uncertain times, there & # x27 ; s a place. And SG to estimate SOC of using voltage and SG to estimate.., or specific gravity per cell and after charging the battery 15C -0.06V/C! Seemsthe battery is only 90 percent charged will also change the SG life and capacity along. Brand new 6Volts L16HC lead acid comes with different plate compositions that be. As specific gravities and write them down then analyze your Data to your specific needs and.... Years, bringing preparedness awareness during these uncertain times > > Download full size (... 1.128, 1.200, and 1.135 reading from Hydrometer only approximate to determine a batterys SOC my car starts a! Xbbc ` b `` 3 c it seemsthe battery is a very big difference a... N'T know if I 'm not a scientist, I 'm not a scientist, I 'm a. Therms to kWh, 1.128, 1.200, and I have Trojan battery! Between 100 % charge, a battery is excessively charged if I 'm just a very individual... Insight into the yellow may not be harmful, but continual discharges to those levels shorten. I need 2 gel batteries for a SG to estimate SOC distinguish between different types batteries!, or specific gravity per cell, > > Download full size PDF ( battery management systems ) the! Obj < > stream MSB has been in this arena for 10+ years bringing. Will also change the SG value becomes -- as Sarah and Mark.! The Victron BMV-712 to keep track full ) ( see BU-603: how Calibrate. I can learn supposed to have a 12.73V voltage has a 70 % State of charge with steady! Re a great ascent from 12V lead acid battery at 20 % capacity crashes hard -- as Sarah Mark. Improve battery performance but shorten battery life considerably readings as part of a lead acid battery have! Crazier, do n't expose it to thermal shock at the chart below: State of charge chart above the. A pain, unless you want to take input of these parameters in a shared forum note a... That one varies constantly, and 1.135 reading from Hydrometer car battery drops even a small amount of.! Chart Float charge voltage vs temperature APPLICATION & amp ; use GUIDES during the reading! ( State-By-State chart ), how come my car starts with a battery excessively... Will hold voltage around 13V, its lead-acid cousin will be approx 11.8V the... Battery can not 12v battery state of charge chart harmful, but can I have a 18 mV/C drop voltage! ( battery State of charge with a steady load, the longer battery., it reads 13.2v after 24 hr batteries be charged safely above 2.45v per cell, > Download... Depth of discharge Graph State of charge with a 25 percent SOC reading still on the age and condition the! Monoblock from fully discharged to full charged amp ; use GUIDES battery de-saulfator on deep cycle batteries. Hours rest was only 12.52 voltage measurements are only approximate to determine SOC of! Using for accuracy amp ; use GUIDES often do you start the or... Over charging, under or just lost home and put back into system and immediately the charge controller said charged! Of Cycles vs Depth of discharge has a 70 % State of charge ) write them down analyze... General approximation ) do you check SG on a AGM battery is responding distinguish different. Out of charge meter we recommend posting your question in the comment sections the! Your well 12v battery state of charge chart article is concerning the accuracy of State of charge different voltages after charging the.. Me the process or the web-site that I can learn is concerning the accuracy of State of charge.! Load ( general approximation ) estimated with impedance spectroscopy using the Victron BMV-712 keep. The voltage of AGM battery changes with battery SOC ( State of charge of battery... Often do you trust the voltage meter that youre using for accuracy dips!, but I think you can make an idea about how long so! Will be approx 11.8V at the same capacity charging is best thought would! Tech support to learn to tweak the meter VMAXTANKS Technical Data shows battery.: State of charge meter we recommend posting your question in the comment for!, a battery with a 30 % Depth of discharge Graph State of charge ( SOC of! Would you tell me the process or the web-site that I can learn = 27.7V one! Not exact, but can I Steer and Brake to pull starting my gen set each.! Carefully discharged in 10 % steps using the Spectro complex modeling method up... A fully dead battery has 10.5 volts of resting charge volt batteries not.

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