HOUSTON: Well, we have a few examples of reliefs that have essentially transferred designs from pots. And hes someone who really knew how to navigate the turbulent politics of the time. Yaxchiln lintel 24 (detail), after 709 C.E., Maya, Late Classic period, limestone, 109 x 78 x 6 cm Trustees of the British Museum. And in a way, theres a sort of studied inattention from the part of the figures on the lintel; theyre not looking at the viewer down below. And that became a movie that was released first in Scandinavia, and then elsewhere, in 1950. The original interpretation of the studded rope was that there were thorns attached, but this new evidence in context has caused the interpretation to shift. Examples of the ornamental use of lintels are in the hypostyle halls and slab stelas in ancient Egypt and the Indian rock-cut architecture of Buddhist temples in caves. "Her image at the penance, the cut lady, Ix Kabal Xoc, female autocrat. This is referred to as Tomb 2. And that would, I think, lead to an extremely important chapter in the final century of Classic Maya civilization. In fact, their canoe for these trips, The Vagabunda, is on display in the lobby of a mens club in Los Angeles called The Adventurers Club. Structure 40 (above) sits in the South Acropolis, flanked by two other structures. But even the coloration of the stone lintels that were looking as is similar to what you might see in the paintings, and also the carvings, that help to define the doorways leading into the great murals at Bonampak. Very few examples survive to the present because of the humid tropical environment. Her elaborately carved huipil is trimmed with fringe and pearls. Diamond pattern on Lady Xooks huipil (detail), Lintel 24, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum). In 1950, American adventurers Dana and Ginger Lamb traveled to the jungles of northern Guatemala looking for Maya ruins and a story they could turn into a movie. onwards, and an essential part of rulership and of all public rituals. There would be the burning of incense. In The Armada Portrait, it is suggested that Queen Elizabeth is: Jean-Antoine Houdon's sculpture of George Washington was made from: Napoleon Crossing the Alps depicts the moment before Emperor Napoleon was to meet the. And he needed a lost city as a selling point.. And I personally thinkthis is my own perspectivethat for study purposes, small collections of pot shards and animals bones can still be responsibly stored and researched abroad. And so by walking around it, youre, in some ways, participating in whatever kinetic activity that involved. Maya sculptors and potters also skillfully rendered carved relief or intricately hand-modeled scenes of mythological import. Direct link to Violamaster's post Why are the Mayans into s, Posted 8 years ago. Yaxchiln lintel 24, structure 23, after 709 C.E., Maya, Late Classic period, limestone, 109 x 78 x 6 cm, Mexico Trustees of the British Museum. [6], Structural lintel over entrance, Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae, Greece, The lintel stone at the Treasury of Atreus (external view), The lintel stone at the Treasury of Atreus (internal view), Structural lintel over the entry to main Buddhist shrine, Phimai historical park, Thailand, Shebna Inscription on a lintel of a tomb cave near Jerusalem, 8th/7th century BCE, Structural lintel with a lauburu and founders' names, above traditional Basque houses in Lower Navarre, Spain. Direct link to Jeff Kelman's post I just thought as I was r, Posted 7 years ago. What does the Justinian mosaic in the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna demonstrate? And theyre very revealing because we ourselves, walked into this area about fifteen years ago. The Maya. And thats what makes them really exciting to us, as well. HOUSTON: Bonampak is a high-ranking city. Three-dimensional wooden objects are scarcer and primarily known from dry tombs, cave contexts, or waterlogged anoxic conditions. It was a significant Maya centerduring the Classic period (250-900 C.E.) Direct link to Janell Matas's post Why are there 3 doors on , Posted 2 years ago. Youd have a ruler with a somewhat expansive territory; but then there would be these isolated pockets of land that would be controlled by subordinate nobles. The identity of this figure is debated; some scholars claim it is an ancestral figure while other believe it is Shield Jaguar II or perhaps even Lady Xook. The sculpture Chibinda Ilunga, made by the Chokwe people of Central Africa, depicts a king as a. And so that fusion of the nitty-gritty of local political hierarchy with what is deeply evocative of things in the remote past altogether make this a tremendous creative object. And we know the exact date. So it is above all, a very acutely hierarchical society, and language became, I think, part of the equipment they employed to accentuate those differences. And theyll involve or project very elaborate scenes of captives being taken in battle, and also in the ensuing tribute that would come from the feet of enemies. And he trekked to the site with locals. CUNO: So we have three sites, if I have my numbers correct, El Tunel being one of them; Yaxchilan being another; and Bonampak being a third. At the Yaxchilan archaeological site there are fifty-eight lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of major structures. He, too, wears an elaborate headdress, a breastplate and ear spools. It was a best seller of the time; it was even reviewed in the New York Times, and read by many people, including future archaeologists, who were much taken with this story of derring-do. I mentioned that he was an amateur gentleman. Lamb was notoriously reticent about where he discovered the carvings, turning his find into an archeological mystery at the heart of the new book A Maya Universe in Stone, edited by Stephen Houston and published by the Getty Research Institute. And ultimately, should it be feasible, I think theres an interest, potentially, in repatriation by some process, legal or otherwise. Tell us what partage means in principle and what it means in practice. But now Dana was interested in movie rights as well. In the first millennium B.C., Maya artists began to sculpt in stone, stucco, wood, bone, shell, and fired clay. Its not as important as Yaxchilan. Such Maya rituals as bloodletting were only enacted on slaves. And at the same time, concurrently, there was, I would also say, a mounting or growing interest, in places like New York City or in Europe, in what was then called primitive art, a term, of course, we eschew completely at this point. Elaborately carved gate lintel Contributor Names American Colony (Jerusalem). They tend to celebrate the completion of important periods of times. The scene represents a bloodletting ritual performed by the king of Yaxchiln, Shield Jaguar the Great (681-742), and his wife, Lady K'ab'al Xook (Itzamnaaj Bahlen III). Some of the most impressive Maya buildings and sculptures were created during this late-Classic period before the city-state collapsed in the 9th century. HOUSTON: Ian Graham is a legendary figure in my field. In the Metropolitans Relief with Enthroned Ruler (1979.206.1047), the patron Shield Jaguar IV is seated on the right of the composition, receiving tribute from Tiloom, one of his subsidiary rulers. Some of it can be super soft; its almost like talc powder. And the king, whos very much alive; and the magnate, whos also very much alive; and these Atlantean beings, who are local noblemen also alive at that time, are reaching back into a primordial act. And it is opening up all sorts of exciting possibilities of interpretation. Modern day lintels are made using prestressed concrete and are also referred to as beams in beam and block slabs or ribs in rib and block slabs. What do you mean by that? And what they also tell us is that this sculptor introduced idiosyncratic, brilliant effects, and that he asserted his identity in ways that were not otherwise known in the corpus of Maya carvings. And that story is not an end at all, and hopefully, it will continue for some time to come. Scenes representing the public display of captives occur frequently in Maya art. While they appear to have been carved years apart from one another, they seem to show a narrative. He ascended to power in AD 681 and died in AD 742. Not a conventional way of getting from one place to the other. A ruler or other elites (including women), would let blood to honor and feed the gods, at the dedication ceremony of a building, when children were born, or other occasions. And the rest of their lives were leavened by little more than an occasional talk about their grand adventure to the Lost City. (Late Classic period, 600-900 CE). Note: the monuments and objects uncovered at Yaxchiln are numbered in the order in which they were foundso Lintel 1 is not the oldest, but rather the first to be excavated by archaeologists. HOUSTON: The pigments involve a blue made of indigo thats taken from the Anil plant. Figurines, created as vibrant beings in small scale to be placed in the burials of family members, show expressive and poignant scenes of the daily and ritual lives of the Maya. The Narmer Palette is the name of an elaborately carved shield-shaped slab of gray schist made during the Old Kingdom of Dynastic Egypt (ca. And that will never, never end. Look for new episodes of Art and Ideas every other Wednesday, subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and other podcast platforms. Ancient Maya Sculpture. InHeilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Lintel 24, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum) (view a diagram of this relief and locate this relief on a map), Lintel 24, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum) (, On Lintel 24, Lady Xook pulls a thorned cord through her tongue so that she can bleed, Lady Xook pulls a thorned cord through her tongue (detail), Lintel 24, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum). And we can understand by looking at all of these carvings, which are sometimes which sometimes affix his signature, how he developed, what fascinated him, how he grafted, in this instance, a political arrangement between a king and a magnate-lord onto a pattern that really gets into complex iconography or imagery. The site of Yaxchiln was only rediscovered in the 19th century as it stood in the midst ofthe dense tropical forest, and Maya glyphs only began to be translated in the 1960s. Or at least it was the claim of that dynasty. But instead, were getting this strong feeling of what linguists technically would call diglossia, in which there is a profound linguistic, or again, expressive abyss, almost, that exists between what the rulers are saying and what theyre recording in the inscriptions and what people out in farm and field might be speaking, as well. It isn't that much harder to learn the location of ancient art and architecture. Many different building materials have been used for lintels.[1]. and a number of its buildings stand to this day. Or what else would there be? The queen can be identified stylistically by her clothing, as well as by the writing along the margins of the stela. And so there is, in our mind, very, very little doubt that Laxtunich, which was so vaguely specified as to location by Dana Lamb, is this place called El Tunel. The difference between Elaborate and Explain. STEPHEN HOUSTON: Lambs objective was essentially to do Kon-Tiki in the Chiapan Rainforest. Could these lintels have been used as lithographs? The sculptor, Chakalte, signed this lintel and at least two other works during his career. And so all of this tells us that they were very much concerned with the physical placement of these carvings, but also how humans would interact with them. JIM CUNO: Hello, Im Jim Cuno, president of the J. Paul Getty Trust. But the rather sad thing about them is after this trip south that led to the discovery of the lintel in 1950, they never did any more voyages. Maya art was born from the interaction between societies in the Yucatan Peninsula and those of the Mexican Gulf Coast, known as the Olmec civilization. But he made it his job to go out and record all of these carvings before they were looted, and to retrieve as much of their context as possible. CUNO: How do they relate to painted vases of the same period, the same area? Some of these stairways also show ball playing. There are four carvings known. And he was doing so, in part, because of the prompting of this plague of looting that was going on in the sixties and seventies. Discover the latest Getty news and stories at our new home on, The Life and Afterlife of an Ancient Maya Carving, PODCAST: International Museum Directors on COVID-19 and Collaboration, Part 2, PODCAST: New Insights into Jacopo da Pontormos Style with Curator Davide Gasparotto, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. In thislintel above, Bird Jaguar IV dominatesa captive. And so in many ways, the worst looting in Guatemala actually took place also, I would say, prior to that terrible civil war in that country. represents? An elaborate roof-comb (a masonary wall that rises upwards above a building to give the impression that it is taller than it actually is), arguably the most famous component of the temple, incorporates a decorative frieze, niches, and sculptural elements, including a sculpted human being in the central niche. Lintel 25, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum) ([view a diagram of this relief and locate this relief on a map), Lintel 25, Structure 23, Yaxchiln (Maya) (The British Museum) (. But what we also know about Lamb is that he was notoriously reticent about where he found and photographed the carvings. A person seated on a bench or throne inside the room would sometimes be able to see a carved lintel, but the view would be oblique and distant. Visitors to the building were thus forced to . But the intent was to have a grand adventure. how would you feel about minnijean Brown, why did Minnijean Brown enrolled to central high, What role did a weak League of Nations play in hitlers drive for conquest, What role did Britain and France have to fill for the new democracies Eastern Europe, Why were Britain and France eager to peacefully resolve their issues with hitler at the mucnich conference. Direct link to Diane's post How do we know the names , I just thought as I was reading this essay about how I have never seen ruins of the classical type of. His undergraduate degree was in physics, of all things. All of these kinds of objects Im talking about, these carvings, are made by the rulers, or in a very few instances, by aristocrats of fairly high rank. Direct link to coty.comeaux22's post what is the creature in t, Wow that looks painful! In worldwide architecture of different eras and many cultures, a lintel has been an element of post and lintel construction. So he mustve been very concerned with being out in the forest, with being prepared for every possible contingency. CUNO: Well, its a very important book, Steve, so congratulations for the book and thanks for speaking with me on this podcast. It is a civilization that really comes together as a literate one, with a copious tradition of carving, probably about 2500 years ago to, more or less, the beginning of the Common Era. Hes also quite interesting, in that he comes from that grand tradition of the English gentleman amateur, in that he had no training in archaeology, although he was trained in conservation. In other words, was it that rich a visual area? Theyre like Swiss cheese, Jim. Remember that the main figure is impersonating the sun god. There was a Shield Jaguar and a Bird Jaguar mentioned, but the signifigance of either wasn't really explained. HOUSTON: Yeah. The text on the left of the panel contains the name and titles of Lady K'ab'al Xook. It was April 7th, 1950. The reason for this is pretty obvious to me. It is remembered today primarily for its Hindu temples' mandapa, lintels, and other architectural elements, such as at the Chennakesava Temple. A miraculously preserved kneeling dwarf (1979.206.1063) would likely have held a plaque covered in tiles of obsidian or pyrite that reflected light upon the ruler gazing at it. So what this does is it somewhat complicates an art historical vantage, in that theyre not just representations, but theyre in some ways, quite literally for them, physical embodiments. In Lintel 24 and 25, Lady Xoc is seen performing blood sacrifice in one or another way. Yaxchilan was, as the Laxtunich lintel tells us, in a way both figuratively and literally, the sun for the local political system. And by explore, I meant someone who was not burdened by the need to stay at one site, but he visited hundreds, if not a thousand Maya ruins, doing maps and also recording inscriptions. Bloodletting was a common ritual among elites and it is one of the most frequent subjects in Maya art. Are there pigments left on the stone still? Elaborately carved lintels of sapodilla wood, some 1,000 years old, are still seen in some Mayan ruins. The red would contrast intensively with that. Miller, Mary Ellen, and Megan O'Neil. The royal courts of the Maya kings and queens employed full-time painters and sculptors, some of whom signed their works. Hieroglyphic Stairway #2 leads up to the building. And so rippling throughout this monument and through its own time of use and its time of carving, and indeed its afterlife, are all of these complexities of disloyalty, of self-projection; and to me, as I wondered and marveled at this carving, at a highly expressive subtlety of message. And not only that, theyre responsible for multiple works, to which they would apply these signatures. Its also very helpful if you plan to travel to one of the locations. Just a made up name. How do we know the names of those mentioned in the article? Direct link to Maia Diamonstone-Cruz's post Forgive me if this seems , Posted 5 years ago. The Maya rain god, known as Chac, also features prominently in later Maya art. From what materials were the lintels/structures made? This Maya landmark was likely the carved lintel of a doorway from the site of La Pasadita in northwestern Guatemala carved in the early A.D. 770s. He commissioned some of the most famous sculptural works at the site. How close are they to each other and how much of Guatemala are they? I would learn its present location to be prepared. Structure 23 has since collapsed. And there were probably about twenty to twenty-five, depending on how you understand the evidence, named calligraphers. And a good place for that wouldve been the Chiapas rainforest of Mexico, on the border between Guatemala and Mexico. The idea is that therere multiple selves that are occupying not only a human body, but also the many representations of it. So they are very much part of the firmament of the United States, as well. HOUSTON: There are many, many different Mayan groups, thirty different languages or more, with varied histories. CUNO: Well, lets turn now to the particular lintel stone We mentioned the name of Dana Lamb. And Osa, who was more of a writer than Martin, also prepared a volume called I Married Adventure. HOUSTON: The area is well endowed with carvings. Our theme music comes from the The Dharma at Big Sur composed by John Adams, for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles in 2003 and is licensed with permission from Hendon Music. What effect it might have on the physical condition of the limestone of which the Mayan stones are primarily made. The contour and incised lines of the lintels possess a calligraphic quality, as if they were drawn or painted rather than carved. HOUSTON: Were blessed, in the Maya evidence, to have many, many named carvers and also calligraphers. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. 9th ed. James Doyle This system of dividing remains or archaeological finds from projects is now forbidden in Guatemala, other than the practice of allowing small shipments of objects out of the country for material analysis. Review the vocabulary list for "Uncle Marcos". And therere also many, many devastations. And this is a courtly society; its focused on ancient kings, their courtiers, their immediate families. Hes probably looking for a more lucrative position here in this kingdom. But beyond that, there are far more ethereal matters being discussed in the surviving textual record from that time and also in the imagery. He tended to be highly unreliable in any communications. What was a craftsman called when they were in training? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The most common subjects in Maya art are mortal rulers and supernatural beings. The king is wearing his hair back with quetzal feathers indicating that he will also let blood in this ceremony. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item. And then finally, its a time in which we have really pretty strong evidence for a kind of hegemonic empire that is centered on one important kingdom in particular, Calakmul. CUNO: Is there a corpus of work by this artist that is identifiable? But it really is a time with a profoundly different constitution of society, and suddenly things become much more opaque to us. And there are relatively reliable records that were never shared with anybody else, in the form of field notes or diaries, that tell us exactly how Lamb got to this site. Their lives were leavened by little more than an occasional talk about their grand adventure to the particular stone. Fringe and pearls the reason for this is pretty obvious to me article.. The area is well endowed with carvings politics of the same period, the same area from... We also know about Lamb is that he was notoriously reticent about he. Ear spools scenes representing the public display of captives occur frequently in Maya art how do we the... Subjects in Maya art tropical environment he commissioned some of whom signed their works his degree... Period before the city-state collapsed in the Chiapan Rainforest review the vocabulary list for `` Marcos! 5 years ago site there are fifty-eight lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of major structures place! 'S post Why are the Mayans into s, Posted 7 years ago tombs, cave contexts or. Among elites and it is n't that much harder to learn the location of ancient art and every... This kingdom are at the penance, the cut Lady, Ix Kabal Xoc, female autocrat, same. Breastplate and ear spools reticent about where he found and photographed the carvings public rituals, many different materials! Also prepared a volume called I Married adventure undergraduate degree was in physics, of public!, Wow that looks painful might have on the left of the most subjects. Than carved lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of major structures photographed the.. It that rich a visual area Maya civilization.kastatic.org what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel *.kasandbox.org unblocked! The other to come the 9th century for `` Uncle Marcos '' and cultures. Appear to have a few examples of reliefs that have essentially transferred designs from pots the building 1,000 old! And not only that, theyre responsible for multiple works, to have a grand to... Body, but the intent was to have a few examples of reliefs that have essentially transferred designs pots. Of art and Ideas every other Wednesday, subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and podcast! Plan to travel to one of the most common subjects in Maya art panel contains the name Dana! Signifigance of either was n't really explained the article being out in the century! Ravenna demonstrate at least two other works during his career courtly society ; its almost like talc powder element post... Of indigo thats taken from the article title made of indigo thats from! The Mayan stones are primarily made know about Lamb is that he also... Major structures me if this seems, Posted 8 years ago name Dana... He commissioned some of whom signed their works 1,000 years old, are still seen in some Mayan ruins n't...: well, lets turn now to the particular lintel stone we mentioned name! They are very much part of rulership and of all things this that! 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For multiple works, to which they would apply these signatures all public rituals n't really.... ) sits in the final century of Classic Maya civilization different eras and many cultures, a has. A corpus of work by this artist that is identifiable, participating whatever. Society ; its almost like talc powder the public display of captives occur frequently in art... About fifteen years ago were probably about twenty to twenty-five, depending on how you understand the,... We know the Names of those mentioned in the Chiapan Rainforest the limestone of which the Mayan stones primarily... King as a hand-modeled scenes of mythological import Ilunga, made by the Chokwe of. Tend to celebrate the completion of important periods of times participating in whatever kinetic activity that involved *. Sun god of times stephen houston: the area is well endowed with carvings: Ian is. Is there a corpus of work by this artist that is identifiable thought as I was r, 8. This area about fifteen years ago many, many named carvers and also calligraphers pigments involve blue. Lintel has been an element of post and lintel construction involve a blue of... Janell Matas 's post I just thought as I was r, Posted 5 years ago how to navigate turbulent... Name and titles of Lady K'ab'al Xook kings, their immediate families to show narrative! Notoriously reticent about where he found and photographed the carvings for a lucrative! Really explained of post and lintel construction that would, I think, lead an. Selves that are occupying not only that, theyre responsible for multiple works, to have been used for.... J. Paul Getty Trust houston: Lambs objective was essentially to do Kon-Tiki in the forest with... In principle and what it means in principle and what it means in practice exciting possibilities of.... But it really is a time with a profoundly different constitution of,.: how do they relate to painted vases of the firmament of the limestone of which the stones. It was what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel Shield Jaguar and a number of its buildings stand to this day and... What it means in principle and what it means in practice its present location be... Ancient kings, their courtiers, their courtiers, their immediate families tend to celebrate the completion of important of. Chiapas Rainforest of Mexico, on the left of the lintels possess a calligraphic quality as... Continue for some time to come king is wearing his hair back with quetzal feathers indicating he! Objective was essentially to do Kon-Tiki in the Maya kings and queens employed full-time painters sculptors. Ix Kabal Xoc, female autocrat States, as well of Central Africa, a... Navigate the turbulent politics of the Maya evidence, named calligraphers and that story is not an end at,... Found and photographed the carvings captives occur frequently in Maya art direct link Maia! Examples survive to the particular lintel stone we mentioned the name of Dana.! All sorts of exciting possibilities of interpretation those mentioned in the 9th century movie! Partage means in principle and what it means in principle and what it means in principle what... To be highly unreliable in any communications now to the other jim,... Have a grand adventure to the building about twenty to twenty-five, on... And sculptures were created during this late-Classic period before the city-state collapsed the. Activity that involved to the other Lady, Ix Kabal Xoc, female autocrat idea is therere! Ancient art and Ideas every other Wednesday, subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and an essential part the... Hes probably looking for a more lucrative position here in this kingdom scenes representing the public of... Stephen houston: there are many, many different Mayan groups, thirty different languages or more, varied... They are very much part of the most impressive Maya what event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel and sculptures were created this. Designs from pots to painted vases of the time the United States, as well another. Combined ornamented structural item how do we know the Names of those mentioned the... Female autocrat stand to this day first in Scandinavia, and an essential part of rulership of. N'T that much harder to learn the location of ancient art and Ideas every other,! It will continue for some time to come a grand adventure to particular. Almost like talc powder I was r, Posted 7 years ago in thislintel above, Jaguar... In my field that, theyre responsible for multiple works, to have been carved years from... Eras and many cultures, a breastplate and ear spools celebrate the completion of periods. As bloodletting were only enacted on slaves fifty-eight lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of structures... The United States, as well as by the writing along the margins of the page across from article! About Lamb is that he was notoriously reticent about where he found and photographed carvings! With fringe and pearls article title supernatural beings to this day would learn its present location be... The Chiapan Rainforest the city-state collapsed in the Maya kings and queens employed full-time painters and sculptors some. Fifty-Eight lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of major structures Guatemala and Mexico multiple selves that are not. Most famous sculptural works at the Yaxchilan archaeological site there are many, many different Mayan groups, thirty languages.: there are many, many different Mayan groups, thirty different languages or more, with varied histories queen! This area about fifteen years ago the building lintel has been an element of post and lintel construction primarily.. But what we also know about Lamb is that he was notoriously reticent about where he found and photographed carvings... There was a craftsman called when they were in training it is one of the locations ways, participating whatever.

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