She has cut herself completely off from the community which conceivably could have provided her with support while her husband does his tour of duty in the army. Plot Summary Reading Gaines first, foremost, always, and only as a black author, an author of race and race issues, rather than primarily as an imaginative author, an author of ideas, delimits the kinds of questions one can ask about his works and necessarily diminishes the readers appreciation of the imaginative sphere in which he works. The Sky Is Gray is a great portrayal of racial differences. . Ernest J. Gaines was thirty in 1963, the year in which The Sky is Gray was first published, but it was not until five years later, in 1968, that the story was published as the second story in Bloodline, the thematically interwoven collection with which readers associate it today. Babb seems to approach this realization when she writes that Octavias dissembling enables her to warm him without compromising her dignity by begging. Babb realizes that Octavias act is fundamentally about dignity, not about warmth, but she doesnt think through the implications of the point she has made, here or later. [Chorus 2] All the leaves are brown (All the leaves are brown) And the sky is gray (And the sky is gray) I've been for a walk (I've been for a walk) On a winter's day (On a winter's day) If I didn't tell her (If I didn't tell her) I could leave today (I could leave today) California dreamin' (California dreamin') On such a winter's day (California dreamin') On such a winter's day, (California . The only way that James can truly understand his world is by authoritarian explanationthe tongue and ear forming the eye: Auntie and Monsieur Bayonne talked to me and made me see (italics mine). Can I live here tomorrow? The storys protagonist, or main character, James is a young boy of about eight who lives with his mother, aunt, and their immediate family in the outskirts of Bayonne, Louisiana. For example, in Ernest Gaines Valerie Babb writes: Unable to buy food because of their poverty, and forbidden to enter the warm shelters in the area of the dentists office because of their color, they become rambling outcasts in a society in which the whim of any white is empowered to affect their destiny. She feels her first duty to her children is to toughen them up and show them how to live and survive. The reader only sees a small part of this process, a few hours one . Summary. They are struggling for survival after James' father is taken in the army. Jamess mother opens the door to exit, but turns and asks for twenty-five cents worth of salt meat. James' mother is "wearing that black . She offers them food, but though James is hungry, his mother will not accept any charity, so Helena has James move some empty trash cans to the street as a face-saving gesture for his mother. My heart tells me. Sure, My heart tells me. And as long as you listen to what your heart tells you, you will have only what the white man gives you and nothing more. Me, I don't listen to my heart. Indeed, the tooth with the aching root here is Jamess own Afro-American tongue and earthe dilemma of finding that his deepest roots are at odds with hypervisual America. BIBLIOGRAPHY Word Count: 1084. If one reverts to the easiest sort of race-based reading, one will invariably decide to read the story as one about victimhood. Though it is indeed difficult, particularly for Americans, to step far enough back from the late 20th century American present to see the world Gaines describes with the same dispassionate clarity as one might see the Ireland, India, or South Africa that Joyce, Rushdie, and Coetzee respectively describe, nothing is lostand much is gainedif one makes the effort. "The Sky is Gray" should be a required literary experience for both adults and students who share Louisiana's educational complexity. Written during the most turbulent years of the Civil Rights movement, the stories in Bloodline describe a less turbulent but perhaps even more racially raw period: Louisiana in the late 1930s and early 1940s. This theory is supported by three specific events during the story. Octavia shows the characteristics of a good parent by being stern, loving, and independent. Next, James discovers that the dentists colored waiting-room is a place of intensified vocality and aurality, where patients are hollering like pigs under a gate and where all round the room people are talking. In Los Angeles, race riots in Watts resulted in 35 deaths, the arrest of 4,000, and $40 million in property damage. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Figuratively, it is a metaphor of the collective black experience.. And since his stories are set in the past, his African-American characters appear subservient and are not placed in the revolutionary poses favored by some of Gainess contemporaries such as James Baldwin, Ishmael Reed, John O. Killins, John Wideman, or David Bradley., In sum, while Gaines may not have had the wide recognition of other African-American writers early in his career, there is a broad critical consensus that he is an important writer, a good writer, and a writer who has perhaps been undervalued and may continue to gain increasing recognition in the years to come, in part because he was somewhat overshadowed by his contemporaries during his early years, in part because of the increasing importance of studies of masculinity in the literary canon. [Chorus 1: Barry McQuire, The Mamas & The Papas] All the leaves are brown (All the leaves are brown) And the sky is gray (And the sky is gray) I've been for a walk (I've been for a walk) On a winter's day (On a winter's day) I'd be safe and warm (I'd be safe and warm) If I was in L.A (If I was in L.A.) California dreamin' (California dreamin') On such a winter's day [Verse: Barry McQuire, The . Understanding The Sky is Gray requires that one not only understand something about the Louisiana of the 1930s and 1940s but also understand what was happening with regard to race in the United States during the 1960s, because the events of what later came to be called the Civil Rights era made a substantial and lasting impression on Gaines, one that can be seen not too far beneath the surface of The Sky is Gray in the person of the student and in the storys preoccupation with racial inequality. Being told that he must return after lunch, James goes with his mother out into the sleeting streets of Bayonne. With nowhere to go, and no money to buy anything, James and his mother have no choice but to walk, aimlessly, until the doctors office opens again. Whatever their struggles, their successes and failures, they move toward a perception of their dignity. Describing the events that led to the set of oral interviews which comprise Porch Talk they write through our association with him we have discovered that dignity and pride are not only themes that pervade his art, but qualities that characterize him as a teacher and a man., John Lowe, editor of Conversations with Ernest Gaines provides a somewhat more rounded, though still uniformly laudatory, response to Gainess works. What makes the fact of Jamess narration worth remarking upon is that Gaines could, Reading Gaines first, foremost, always, and only as a black author, an author of race and race issues, rather than primarily as an imaginative author, an author of ideas, delimits the kinds of questions one can ask about his works and necessarily diminishes the readers appreciation of the imaginative sphere in which he works.. Jamess mother talks at length about how much it will cost while James pretends to sleep. . I was born too late to believe in your God. What the student desires is a new age for American blacksone which can blend faith with sight, the ear with the eye, ones internal blackness with the surrounding whiteness into The Sky Is Gray. James is acute enough to sense a kindred dilemma and thinks to himself: When I grow up I want to be just like him.. The text of The Sky Is Gray subtly brings out this painful aurality: Id just lay there and listen to them, and listen to that wind out there, and listen to that fire in the fireplace. Four of his works were made into television movies. This critical writing on "The Sky Is Gray" by Ernest Gaines was written and submitted by your fellow student. It suggests at first the bleak mood of the story but also hints at hope in the future. This is neither a subjective nor an unimportant question. Gaines creates these moments with sufficient force and clarity both to explain his protagonists past and to anticipate his future. Though still a child, James is on the verge of youth. Historical Context "The Sky is Gray.". I havent anything. If that is the reading one chooses, the more important, more striking, more interesting story disappears, while James and his mother become nothing more than sympathetic but uninteresting racial stereotypes about the lives of poor blacks long ago. The source of Jamess isolation is his mother Octavia, who moves through the world of the story with a calm and control which always seem on the verge of eruption. It is a testimony to Gaines's skill as a writer and storyteller that many people believe Jane Pittman was a real person. Action is the only thing. Through the stories of the many fascinating people who touch Jane's life, Gaines presents not only a moving perspective on the struggles of African Americans but also a social history of the United States since the Civil War. Robillard, the good dentist who takes care of the teeth of Bayonnes whites. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety . The bus arrives and, while his mother pays, James moves to the back of the bus, where the blacks are made to sit. missing from the current crop of responses to Gaines is a moral reading, one that doesnt look for causes and effects in a two-dimensional equation of character and color, but rather, in the quality of the characters thoughts and actions, regarding the characters not as caricatures of different types, but as fully formed people with their ownto borrow a phrase from Joyceindividuating rhythms. If Gaines is indeed an imaginative writer of canonical status, his works will reward such readings. Criticism Her personal situation can be seen as a metaphor for the plight of blacks. Less clear, because less attention has been paid to this question, is how much is left when race is left out or made irrelevant to the readers. In The Sky is Gray, the goal is not exactly reached. And by the end of the story, the reader does indeed sense that there has been some change to who James is in that short span, a sense reinforced by his mothers assertion that he is not a bum, but a man. Dependency on the philanthropy and good will of others leads to vulnerability when that support is no longer forthcoming. With the exception of Auntie and Mr. Bayonne, who attempt to explain his mothers cold, dispassionate treatment of him on one occasion, James is alienated in his effort to come to grips with both the social and personal forces governing his life. They are struggling for survival after James' father is taken in the army. . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. . Critical Overview For example, the road in this story is very gray: "It's a long old road, and far's you can see you don't see nothing but gravel," as James put it. He is an eight-year-old African American, living in the south during the 1940's before the civil rights movement came into effect. In these stories, black folk culture, with its emphasis on community-defined values and behaviors, shows signs of deterioration, while Western individualism and the development of more personally-defined values appear as catalysts in the demise of the black folk world view. The fact that neither story offers a resolution to the underlying conflict apparent in the situations is indicative of the contemporary nature of the issue which Gaines raises. I wouldn't turn down bright colors either. His feelings of isolation are clearly illustrated in his conversation with a woman who attempts to take his side in the disagreement. have chosen to tell the story from a number of different perspectives. The action in The Sky is Gray is broken up into thirteen short sections which describe a half day or so in the life of James, an eight-year-old black boy in the rural South of the late 1930s. From Ernest J. Gaines, author of "The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman," comes a deceptively simple, yet emotionally complex tale of a young boy's discovery of what it's like to be black in Louisiana during the 1940's. . From a larger, more global viewpoint . Their thought process, social standing, and personality are the key aspects that influence their pathway to maturity. The Sky is Gray by Ernest J Gaines; Learning in Focus, inc. The blacks then leave the store under the kindly but acute genius in America, with tyrannous eye: James recounts how shes still there watching us (italics mine). Critics have been kind to Gaines, but his reputation has not risen with such meteoric speed as have the reputations of some of the other contemporary black writers of his generation. I was 17 when I thought I could write a novel and send it to New York and get it published, Ernest J. Gaines told Publishers Weekl, William James; became British citizen, 1915. They are unwilling, or unable, to follow his line of reasoning, for to accept that the signification of green or black has no intrinsic relationship to a Platonic ideal of green or black, but signifies by consensus only, comes perilously close to accepting that the other words about which the young man seems to care even more than Godfreedom and libertyare empty of meaning unless they signify the same thing to speakers both black and white. Because his fiction focuses on the peculiar plight of black Americans in the South, Gaines must consider an additional level of significancethe strong communal bonds characteristic of Southern black folk culture. The best-known version is by the Mamas & the Papas, who sang backup on the original version and released it as a single in 1965.The lyrics express the narrator's longing for the warmth of Los Angeles during a cold winter in New York City. A black boy comes of age in Louisiana during the 1940's and learns of racism and poverty firsthand. Ivan Turgenevs The District Doctor. Gaines himself cites Ivan Turgenev as one of his more important literary sources, saying that he learned form from Turgenev. Octavias skepticism and self-imposed isolation place her in a similarly antagonistic stance toward the community. Shortly thereafter the nurse enters the room and announces that the doctor will not treat anyone until one oclock. The Sky Is Gray: Directed by Stan Lathan. The story portraits three remarkable points: James's forced mature, his childhood memory damaged by poverty, but even so, their dignity still remains. Of course, the reader doesnt follow James all the way from childhood into adulthood, but the central premise of bildungsroman is that the reader watches the protagonist go from innocence to experiencein this case, from being a child whose primary interest is in staying warm and well-fed to a youth who has the first glimmerings of pride in himself and awareness of an important and external reality: that others will judge him not by what he is, but by how he appears to be. In 1948, at the age of fifteen, Gaines moved to Vallejo, California, to join his mother and stepfather, because there were no high schools for blacks near his home. But instead, Gaines allows James to tell his story in his own words. Unfortunately, I was born too late to believe in your God. In short, what is. Short Stories for Students. James does not betray the kind and heartfelt offer of the couple although his mother would want him to. Due to the several barriers James and his mother, Octavia, encounter trying to get to the dentist, the theme of . Two years later, in 1963, the conflicts began in earnest, with riots and acts of racial brutality against demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama, culminating with Martin Luther Kings being jailed in Birmingham. James is sympathetic without being an object of sympathy; the reader feels his cold, his confusion, his hunger directly, authentically, without the intrusion of another character or narrators impressions or observations. In 19, Writer, educator You have remained in right site to start getting this info. As they ride in the back of the bus reserved for blacks and walk the streets of Bayonne, James, the first-person narrator, acutely evokes his almost unbearable feelings of pain, cold, and hunger: Only his love and respect for his mother prevent him from complaining. The Sky is Gray by Ernest J. Gaines is a short story set during World War 11 and is focused on a poor African American Family's struggles. . The Sky Is Gray. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004. Human existence does not lend itself to such neat categorizing. The limitations imposed on the narrative by an eight-year-old narrator are more obvious when he tries, unsuccessfully, to understand his mothers frequent mood changes or her mysterious decisions to fight or flee at each of the stations of mood the narrative visits. What this suggests is that in the highly polarized world in which James is growing up, external appearance can be more significant that internal realityafter all, whether Jamess collar is up or down, hes clearly not a bum, but a boy, and even a man can be permitted, under conditions as cold as those James and Octavia find themselves in, to pull his collar up around his throat. Gates, Henry L, and Nellie Y. McKay. In such a cultural climate, the spiritual and emotional well-being of both the community and the individual is threatened. A strong offstage presence, Jamess father is most profound in his absence. All in all, the only pride that can be salvaged at the conclusion of the story is the black mothers verbal assuranceYou not a bumand the visual accommodation whereby James turns down the collar of his coat in order to appear as an Afro-American or newly reconstituted hyperaural/ hypervisual man. This is what the black student in the dentists office had desiredthe best of both cultures, of ear and eye. It made me tear up mutiple times and shook me out of the comfort of privileges. This poor, Negro boy, James, lives with his mother and five other relatives while his father is away. The Sky Is Gray stream The Sky Is Gray online for free | Watch online movies through best free 1080p HD videos on desktop, laptop, notebook, tablet, iPhone, iPad, Mac Pro and more. Random Word. -1 Likes, 13 Comments - Stephanie Wise (@girlversusdough) on Instagram: "It's literally pouring rain today on top of the 3+ feet of snow we had piled up and the sky is gray" Burke, William. New York: Longman, 1997, 511530. The title of the story "The Sky is Gray" by Ernest Gaines is ironic. Theirs is an odyssey or journey that encompasses the major dilemmas blacks faced in this eraincluding a debate between a black preacher who embraces the Christian doctrine of suffering and acceptance and an angry young black man who advocates questioning and action. What might be complex, three-dimensional people with equally complex motivations threaten to become two-dimensional caricatures with obscure, even uninteresting motivations when seen through the eyes of a child. Kept completely offstage except for his terrifying effect on Little John Lee, who screams bloody murder on receipt of his dental ministrations, Dr. Basset exists in the narrative not for what he is, but for what he isntDr. With James' toothache at the central point of the plot, the story takes us through the obstacles this black family faces in terms of safety, racism, hunger, cold and money. Ernest J. Gaines was born on River Lake Plantation in Oscar, a hamlet of Pointe Coupee Parish in rural Louisiana. 436-38. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sky-gray, "The Sky is Gray But Im not supposed to do that. Again, Gaines is shrewd enough not to let James end his ordeal at this point but forces him to confront the obstacles of bitter cold and hunger in order to accomplish his sensory rite de passage. . What is the allegorical meaning of the student turning the other cheek when the preacher hits him? The gray of the sky which hangs threateningly over the action of the story symbolizes the dangers inherent in the extremes which James must reconcile. It is because of his absence that Octavias moral teachings are both so important and so urgently imparted. Introduction Investigate the relationship between the Civil Rights movement in America and the anti-Apartheid movement in Africa. A poor African American boy and his mother experience both discrimination and kindness during a trip to town to see the dentist. Well, if I cant, to hell with it. The Winter Soldier peers through the scope and adjusts his grip, his finger ghosting over the trigger. Source: John W. Roberts,. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer. In "Life and Letters of Thomas Huxley", Thomas Huxley says it best: "The rung of a ladder is never meant to rest upon . But what the narrative loses from one hand it gains in the other. Put another way, if Gainess stories were set in the India of 1946, two years before partition, if the primary groups described were Muslim and Hindu, rather than black and white, would the stories still merit reading? I went for a walk on a winter's day. the-sky-is-gray-ernest-gaines-pdf 1/1 map index pdf The Sky Is Gray Ernest Gaines Pdf Recognizing the pretension ways to get this books the sky is gray ernest gaines pdf is additionally useful. So it's probably not coincidental that I began planning another northern California trip a few weeks ago. Jamess vulnerability to this aspect of human nature is illustrated in the episode with an old couple who offer them food during their visit to town. Like James and Jamess mother, the source for Jamess aunt is drawn from Gainess own experience, modeled after his own great aunt, Augustine Jefferson. James's mother accompanies her son to town to see about the boy's nagging toothache, and his journey soon becomes an eye-opening odyssey. Gaines's prose is stark, spare, unrelenting in its precision and honesty. Subsequent publications included the short stories A Long Day in November (1959), Just Like a Tree (1962), and The Sky is Gray (1963), and the novels Catherine Carmier (1964), Of Love and Dust (1967), Bloodline (1968), The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1971), In My Fathers House (1978) A Gathering of Old Men (1983), and A Lesson Before Dying (1993). The Sky Is Gray has been added to your Cart . Though her presence in The Sky is Gray is minimal, Augustines presence in Gainess life can hardly be overstated: Unless you include her, he says, you cant write about me at all.. 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