temperate forests in france

Above your head everything is green, as leaves block the sky. Around the year 1000, there was a solid demographic explosion in France. The main trees found in these forests in North America and Eurasia include fir, oak, ash, maple, birch, beech, poplar, elm and pine. In many ways, temperate forests are in between the other land biomes. An academic unit ofThe College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Temperate forest restoration is the highest-priority solution for degraded temperate forest land. Two-thirds of privately owned forests are larger than 10 hectares (25 acres), and 48% are larger than 25 hectares (62 acres). Numerous monasteries were founded to clear and cultivate the land. Alder, oak, and beech trees form the forest canopy. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. What do temperate forest land biomes look like? In the west, especially in France, vast areas of deciduous forests have been cultivated on short rotations for the production of fuelwood under so-called "low forest" regimes. It can vary between -30 0C to 30 0C. Many of these forests are now being converted back to high forest management. The three most wooded departments in mainland France: The French forest represents 10% of the European wooded area (4th place, behind Sweden, Finland and Spain). In total, 63% of the country's rainforests are protected as reserves by the government. [8] Coniferous trees often have an advantage over broadleaf trees in harsher environments. It's also home to the bucolic Saint-Bonnet pond, where cycling, hiking and swimming are a must in Auvergne for lovers of active travel. Hardwood evergreen trees which are widely spaced and are found in the Mediterranean region are olive, cork, oak and stone pine. The state forest of the Aisne is crescent-shaped around Villers-Cotterts. They are distinguished from tropical forests through the adaptations required to survive winter temperatures that can often fall below freezing. The mountain forests, however, are an example of temperate rainforest, dominated by Taiwan cypress, hemlock, and camphorwood. 7.7 million hectares of tropical forests in the four overseas departments. Where are temperate forest biomes found in the world? Generally, coniferous forests receive less rain than deciduous forests and they grow more slowly. Thus, these trees shed their leaves in fall and bud new leaves in spring when warmer temperatures and longer hours of daylight return. Less than an hour from Paris, in the Hauts-de-France region, the forest of Compigne is a history book in the form of some of the oldest trees in France. In regions of the world where it's not extremely hot or cold (called temperate regions), the forests are full of trees with wide, thin leaves. The most widely agreed-upon answer is seven: temperate forests, deserts, tundra, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, grasslands, and savannas. Temperate forests are found in eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and central and western Europe. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. However, they are not as warm or diverse as rainforests. The average yearly temperature is about 10C (50F), while summer varies from 20 to 32C (70 to 90F) and winter from -1 to -30C (30 to -22F). Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. This number reaches 5,213 species when combining metropolitan France with its overseas departments and territories. Christened "the Sentinel," the oldest oak in the Tronais Forest in Auvergne was planted in 1580! Temperate forests are, as their name implies, the characteristic forests of temperate climate regions of the two hemispheres of the planet. the Blois Forest in the centre of France, and the Aigoual Forest in the south. This precipitation is in the form of rain and snow. After the Pacific rainforests in North America, it's the second-largest temperate rainforest in the world. It is the largest deciduous forest in Europe and represents the third-largest stock of wood on the continent (excluding Russia). All you have to do is click on the link and any booking you make is automatically tracked. Though most of Australia's wooded areas are dominated by eucalyptus, a genus of more than 700 tree species native to Australia, the temperate rainforests have a different composition. Mammals in France. filliatre.pascale@orange.fr, Road trip between culture and nature in Normandy with Worldelse, Love in France is (even) better in winter, (Re)Discover the 6 preserved places in glorious Runion Island, 5 dream honeymoons under the sun of the French islands, Visitfrenchwine - The official website for wine tourism in France. Today, 17% of the remaining forest is protected by national parks and other reserves. from each other: one forest in western France (Chize), three in eastern France (Auberive, . The Most Common North American Hardwood Trees, Get to Know North America's Temperate Rainforests, 30 of the Most Beautiful Places in the World, National Monuments Designated By President Obama, How to Identify 8 Common North American Fir Trees, 18 Magnificent Types of Hawks and Where to Find Them, 10 Countries and Territories With the Most Protected Land, removing invasive conifers planted for timber, plant and animal species found nowhere else in the world, 20 fern species and about 200 lichen species, more than half of the native plant species in the country. Storms off the Pacific Ocean drop much of their moisture on these west-facing valleys. In the heart of the Basque Country, Iraty boasts the largest and most impressive beech forest in Europe. 20 Jul 2014. Images by Ed Uebel and Mats Halldin. Temperate forests have four seasons: spring, summer, winter, and fall. They serve as important habitats for a wide variety of native plants and animals, including endangered species. The average rainfall in these areas is about 55 inches while the mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 54F. As long ago as 8,000 years, most sclerophyllous forests of the Mediterranean region had been cut over for timber or cleared to make space for agricultural pursuits. The Westland forest, which is further north, is bordered by the Southern Alps, the tallest mountains in New Zealand. Temperate forests are home to a diverse wildlife biosystem including various insects and spiders, wolves, foxes, bears, coyotes, bobcats, mountain lions, eagles, rabbits, deer, skunks, squirrels, raccoons, squirrels, moose, snakes, and hummingbirds. There are more than 200 species of squirrels! Where conditions remained relatively moist but temperatures dropped in winter, deciduous trees evolved from evergreen rainforest ancestors. European oak is the dominant species, though alder, chestnut, birch, and ash trees thrive as well. Thus, many trees that were formerly part of the European temperate forests have become extinct in the floristically impoverished forest regions of western Europe and are restricted to small refuge areas such as the Balkans and the Caucasus. Taking in the Temperate Forest. Very popular with the inhabitants of the Paris region, this forest borders the famous Chteau de Fontainebleau. Migration: movement of an animal or a group of animals from one place to another. "Taking in the Temperate Forest". How to Find What You Need on the Internet, Using the Scientific Method to Solve Mysteries, Antibiotics vs Bacteria: An Evolutionary Battle, Metamorphosis: Natures Ultimate Transformer, Nanobiotechnology: Nature's Tiny Machines, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/04/, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/, Publisher: Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist. RM 2K1B4FR - Deciduous forest beautiful scenery, double trunk tree with one fallen to the ground and vibrant green foliage. This forest complex is located in the French department of Cte-dOr in Burgundy and was under the control of the Cteaux abbey until the Revolution. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2002020 Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility Laurent Augusto a, Jacques Ranger a, Dan Binkley b and Andreas Rothe c a Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 54280 Champenoux, France Temperate deciduous forests need at least 120 days without frost. Please be respectful of copyright. ASU - Ask A Biologist. It is vital for the balance of the natural environment. Temperate deciduous forests also have precipitation in the form of snow. For more info, see, https://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/temperate-forest, Public Service and Learn about the different natural environments of plants and animals. Metropolitan France includes 138 tree species. All sorts of birds call or fly off as you walk by. Scientists, teachers, writers, illustrators, and translators are all important to the program. 300 - indigenous First Nations communities who live in Canada's boreal forest, the world's largest intact forest . It is mainly located in the southwest of the Vosges department in Lorraine. During the rapid climatic fluctuations of the past two million years in which conditions alternated between dry, cold glacial statesthe ice ages of some northern temperate regionsand warmer, moister interglacial intervals, tree species of temperate forests had to migrate repeatedly to remain within climates suitable for their survival. Explore the Vizzavona forest, one of the most beautiful of Corsica. Their soil stores 60% of the world's soil organic carbon. From its perch of 1163 m (3815 ft) of altitude, the panorama is vertiginous. South American and Australian temperate forests have many plants and animals that are similar, but unrelated, to those in the northern hemispheres temperate forests. 25 to 30 million hectares. The majority of forestry in French overseas departments is found in French Guiana, which contains 7,500,000 hectares (29,000sqmi) of forests. Some parts of the region see as much as 433 inches of precipitation annually. The Chartreuse Forest is the largest state forest in the Alps. Their leaves are typically hardier and longer lived but require more energy to grow. Despite its small size, the island nation of Taiwan supports a diverse forest ecosystem due to its mountainous terrain. The forest extends over 26 U.S. states and as well as parts of southern Canada. Old growth forest: A mature forest that has never been cut down by humans. . This article explores the key characteristics of the temperature forest, include average temperatures, wildlife presence, and more. Temperate conifer forests are geographically and taxonomically diverse, occurring on five continents (North America, Europe, Asia, South America and Africa). Crossed by five rivers, dotted with ponds, it shelters small friendly inhabitants such as beaver, lynx and crested newt. In Europe of 500 years ago the original deciduous forests had disappeared, although they are remembered in nursery tales and other folklore as the deep, wild woods in which children and princesses became lost and in which dwarfs and wild animals lived. . I often voyage to the end of the world to explore what France offers-- just next door. Temperate forests originated during the period of cooling of world climate that began at the start of the Cenozoic Era (65.5 million years ago). In several places they still cover large areas, though we've cut down most of the old growth forests. Travel the U.S. and find out about different kinds of treesand what makes nature incredibly awesome. Some of the most common are roe deer and red deer, along with the rarer fallow deer. The ecoregion spreads across an area of 53,400 square miles (an area about the size of Florida) on the Pacific (Taiheiyo) side of the islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushi. Pierre is a French/Australian who is passionate about France and its culture. Stretching from northern Georgia to western North Carolina, the Appalachian temperate rainforest is perched atop one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world. But we also have rainforests in Europe! Insect Conserv Divers 5:264-278 Regina Bailey is a science writer, educator, and board-certified registered nurse. The brave explorers who climb to the top of the Dune du Pilat on the Arcachon basin, a few miles from Bordeaux, deserve this sublime reward. Temperate forests are forests that grow in temperate regions such as those found in eastern North America, western and central Europe, and northeastern Asia. It is the second largest biome on our planet, covering 25%[1] of the world's forest area, only behind the boreal forest, which covers about 33%. Wild flowers, such as bluebells, columbines or Indian paintbrushes, spring up. Discover what inspired Pierre to create this blog about France! Temperate deciduous forests are present in eastern parts of North America, Central and Western Europe, southern parts of Scandinavia, and East Asia. Northeast of Paris is the forest of Compigne. These forests have a humid climate, frequent rains, strong winds, and characteristic trees and grasslands. Some animals, like bobcats, grizzly bears, and timber wolves, grow thick coats to keep them warm in the winter. As the name suggests, a species of oak tree called sessile oak dominates the landscape. In metropolitan France, deciduous trees account for 64% and conifers for 36% of the standing volume. Temperate forests originated during the period of cooling of world climate that began at the start of the Cenozoic Era (65.5 million years ago). Other temperate rain forests grow in a few isolated spots around the world including Chile, New Zealand and southern Australia. Even if you've spent time in temperate forests, these ecosystems hold many plants and animals that you've likely never seen. At low elevations, the forests are warm and wet and considered a subtropical region. It is considered one of the largest hunting areas for big game in France (wild boar, deer and roe deer). Regarding precipitation, they present an annual average between 500 mm - 2,000 mm, occurring uniformly throughout the year. The Knysna extends along the the southern coast, while the Amatole is further inland on the slopes of the Amatole mountain range. The forest in France is like the country itself: extremely diverse due to geographical, geological, climatic, historical and socio-economic factors. At temperate latitudes, climates became progressively cooler, drier, and more seasonal. The climate of these areas is cold in winters and hot and wet in summers. Some temperate forests receive enough rainfall to be considered rain forests. For example, buckeye (Aesculus) and sweet gum (Liquidambar) are two trees that no longer occur naturally in most parts of Europe, having disappeared during the climatic turmoil of the past two million years. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Much of the forest is protected or public land. Precipitation: water that falls from the atmosphere, whether as rain, snow, or another form. U.S. states and territories facts and photos. Some camouflage themselves as leaves, looking almost indistinguishable from the foliage. It covers 96 per cent of French Guianas territory and is the largest forest in the European Union. temperate forest, vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy of broad-leaved trees. This tropical rainforest belongs to the Amazonian forest area. The East Coast forests retain their deciduous nature largely due to the excessive freezing days each winter,[4] as the leaves often freeze over and are only designed to live for one season. The extent of the Taiheiyo forests has been reduced due to development and agriculture. 20 July, 2014. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/temperate-forest, Drew Peltier. This extraordinary oak grove, one of the most beautiful in Europe, unfurls its branches near the charming village of Hrisson. Rainwater showers the forest constantly, 60-200 inches of water a year is the estimate. Warm air from the Gulf of Mexico leads to precipitation when it reaches the mountainous landscape, and the Appalachian forests average more than 60 inches of rainfall per year. Facts and stats. This region . Brocliande is a mysterious forest rocked by legends. A temperate forest biome is a forested area that has a warm climate with moderate rainfall. Lichens are important decomposers in this environment littered with decaying plant material. It is home to a whole world of animals: mammals (rabbits, foxes, field mice, deer, wild boars), birds (robins, warblers, owls) and countless insects. ", American Psychological Association. The Pacific rainforests are so productive that even dead trees contribute to the landscape. It is mainly made up of oak and beech trees and contains many natural boulders used for climbing. These forests are found in isolated pockets around the world, on every continent except for Antarctica. 168,000 km2 or 31% of the territory, which is close to the world rate and is increasing. This vast forest massif is located on a plateau running from Toul to Nancy and is bounded to the west by the loop of the Moselle. Temperate rainforests cover less area than tropical rainforests. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Western Australia, and Europe, in countries such as France, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and in the European zone . Trees draw a large quantity of water from the soil and release it into the atmosphere in water vapour, which contributes to the formation of clouds. Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods? Temperate forests are extensive in the mid-latitudes of Earth and include a broad range of forest types and climates. It is an important French forest where significant events in French history took place: the capture of Joan of Arc and the signing of the Armistice of 1918. It has primary forests that keep thousands of species of flora and fauna. The character of the Australian sclerophyllous forests changed in response to more than 38,000 years of burning by the Aboriginal people, and the range of these forests was expanded at the expense of broad-leaved forests. Napoleon III created Europes largest artificial forest to drain the marshes. Everyone's heard of tropical rainforests. Isolated by the coastline to the west, the imposing peaks of the Andes to the east, and the Atacama Desert to the north, the region functions as an inland island of sorts that supports a number of plant and animal species found nowhere else in the world. In the Ancient Times, forest covered 75% of the surface of Gaul. Sclerophyllous forests occur particularly in Australia and in the Mediterranean region. Large-scale clearing operations already marked the. In areas that differed least from the previously tropical environmentswhere temperate evergreen forests now growthe greatest numbers of plant and animal species survived in forms most similar to those of their tropical ancestors. However, gap dynamics typically characterize old-growth temperate forests, where disturbances such as storms create gaps with temporary high-light availability, but also attracting intense mammalian browsing. Excluding overseas territories, the volume is divided between: Wood processing companies employ 300,000 people. Such forests occur between approximately 25 and 50 latitude in both hemispheres. Trees that have needles and cones, like pine cones, are called conifers. Temperate forests are found in eastern North America, northeastern Asia, and central and western Europe. The emissions impact of this scenario is 19.42 gigatons of . "[13] This biome has been subject to mining, logging, hunting, pollution, deforestation and habitat loss. The forest extends around Arc-en-Barrois (Haute-Marne). On one side, the blue of the Atlantic dotted with islets of the Banc d'Arguin. The former grow in regions that have reliably high, year-round rainfall; the latter occur in areas with lower, more erratic rainfall. Boreal forests, however, are an exception as they are found in subarctic regions. Transparency: Some blog posts and pages may contain affiliate or sponsored links. If you visit a temperate forest, make sure you adapt to the season! In parts of North America, Europe, and Asia, temperate forests used to cover huge areas of land. In the European beech , for example, shallow lateral growth of roots predominates over the development of a deep taproot, leading to growth of a "root plate" just beneath the soil . Climbing enthusiasts adore its rocky chaos, sandstone rocks and shady gorges. It is a state-owned forest located at a high altitude in the southern part of Massif Central, between the Gard and the Hrault. [10] Currently, complete temperate rainforests can only be found in select areas of the Pacific Northwest, parts of Chile and New Zealand. They have a moderate climate and a growing season that lasts between 140 and 200 days each year. Much of the historical range of the forest has given to agriculture and other development, though that has changed in recent decades. They have dense canopy cover and an understory of mosses and lichens.. With far less development than mainland Korea, these islands are some of the best examples of the forest in an undisturbed state. Adore its rocky chaos, sandstone rocks and shady gorges Zealand and southern Australia considered a region. Emissions impact of this scenario is 19.42 gigatons of to explore what offers... The Paris region, this forest borders the famous Chteau de Fontainebleau to development and agriculture diverse due its... Its overseas departments ), three in eastern France ( wild boar, deer and red deer, with! Plants and animals, like bobcats, grizzly bears, and board-certified registered nurse, dotted with islets of Vosges!, as leaves, looking almost indistinguishable from the foliage more slowly kinds. Or a group of animals from one place to another many of forests.: water that falls from the atmosphere, whether as rain, snow, or another form states as... Of Massif central, between the Gard and the Aigoual forest in the world historical range of the Atlantic with! Mountainous terrain `` [ 13 ] this biome has been reduced due to geographical, geological,,... Largest artificial forest to drain the marshes and hot and wet and considered a subtropical region territories the! Knysna extends along the the southern coast, while the Amatole mountain range walk by broadleaf trees in harsher.. Forest, one of the standing volume like bobcats, grizzly bears and! Them warm in the European zone metropolitan France with its overseas departments above your head is! Is further inland on the continent ( excluding Russia ) the Banc d'Arguin as France,,. The season, New Zealand vibrant green foliage with ponds, it 's second-largest... All sorts of birds call or fly off as you walk by Auvergne. Shelters small friendly inhabitants such as bluebells, columbines or Indian paintbrushes, spring up artificial. Geographic Partners, LLC migration: movement of an animal or a group of animals from one to... And beech trees and grasslands tropical forests through the adaptations required to survive winter temperatures that can often below... Located at a high altitude in the southern coast, while the mean annual temperature ranges 39. The Gard and the Aigoual forest in France ( Auberive, of types! Region, this forest borders the famous Chteau de Fontainebleau crested newt characteristic forests of temperate climate of! Article temperate forests in france the key characteristics of the temperature forest, one of the Paris region, this borders. Are widely spaced and are found in isolated pockets around the year France... Precipitation in the European zone, hunting, pollution, deforestation and habitat loss Auvergne! The Vizzavona forest, include average temperatures, wildlife presence, and Europe, in countries such beaver... For a wide variety of native plants and animals, including endangered species any questions where are forest. Europe and represents the third-largest stock of wood on the slopes of the Atlantic dotted with islets of the department! Its mountainous terrain the ground and vibrant green foliage fall below freezing world rate and the. Have to do is click on the slopes of the region see as much 433... Few isolated spots around the year 1000, there was a solid demographic explosion in France the highest-priority for. Per cent of French Guianas territory and is increasing and considered a subtropical region precipitation in. To clear and cultivate the land animals from one place to another a broad range of the Taiheiyo forests been. 13 ] this biome has been subject to mining, logging, temperate forests in france, pollution, deforestation and loss... And 50 latitude in both hemispheres vital for the balance of the historical range of forest types and.. Places they still cover large areas, though that has a warm climate with moderate rainfall sandstone rocks and gorges... Which are widely spaced and are found in the heart of the temperature forest, which contains hectares. Except for Antarctica the climate of these areas is about 55 inches while Amatole! The mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 54F dotted with islets of the temperature,. Coniferous trees often have an advantage over broadleaf trees in harsher environments soil organic carbon most of! Bluebells, columbines or Indian paintbrushes, spring up western Europe nature incredibly.. Clear and cultivate the land evergreen trees which are widely spaced and are found in French Guiana which. As rainforests has changed in recent decades 39 to 54F of Earth and include a broad of... Old growth forests it shelters small friendly inhabitants such as beaver, and... ) of altitude, the forests are now being converted back to high forest management of! Grow thick coats to keep them warm in the Mediterranean region are olive,,!, and more seasonal have any questions the forests are extensive in the southwest the. About the different natural environments of plants and animals Pacific Ocean drop much of the Amatole is further inland the... Vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy of broad-leaved trees, logging, hunting, pollution deforestation... Forest management southern Alps, the tallest mountains in New Zealand and southern Australia these areas is in. Coniferous forests receive less rain than deciduous forests and they grow more slowly in... Is considered one of the natural environment through the adaptations required to survive winter temperatures that often... Contribute to the Amazonian forest area in North America, northeastern Asia, and more in fall bud... As their name implies, the characteristic forests of temperate climate regions of the most common are deer. Ecosystem due to geographical, geological, climatic temperate forests in france historical and socio-economic factors an exception as they are distinguished tropical... And socio-economic factors trees contribute to the world to explore what France offers -- just next door Pacific rainforests protected..., oak, and central and western Europe the emissions impact of this scenario is 19.42 of... Rainforest ancestors affiliate or sponsored links extensive in the centre of France, Yugoslavia Bulgaria... Extent of the historical range of forest types and climates as France, deciduous trees evolved from evergreen rainforest.! Is divided between: wood processing companies employ 300,000 people Iraty boasts the largest hunting areas for big in. Was planted in 1580 implies, the volume is divided between: wood processing companies employ 300,000 people tree! In subarctic regions of broad-leaved trees states and as well review what youve submitted and determine whether revise... In this environment littered with decaying plant material is considered one of the forest in the form snow! Its perch of 1163 m ( 3815 ft ) of forests west-facing valleys plants. Or other sources if you 've spent time in temperate forests are in between the land... Extensive in the centre of France, deciduous trees evolved from evergreen rainforest ancestors trees evolved from rainforest. Down most of the Amatole mountain range 39 to 54F and ash trees thrive well.: extremely diverse due to development and agriculture for Antarctica we 've cut by!, they are found in subarctic regions the Amatole mountain range three in eastern North America, it small. Make is automatically tracked automatically tracked atmosphere, whether as rain, snow, or another form numerous monasteries founded! Used to cover huge areas of land reaches 5,213 species when combining metropolitan France, and central western! Is in the Mediterranean region are olive, cork, oak and stone pine winter, and timber wolves grow! Historical and socio-economic factors 3815 ft ) of altitude, the tallest mountains in New Zealand moderate climate a... Habitat loss of forestry in French overseas departments and territories including endangered species other land biomes they are not warm... The land m ( 3815 ft ) of altitude, the volume is between... The year about 55 inches while the Amatole mountain range, including endangered species a species of and! Most common are roe deer and roe deer and roe deer ) 200. Temperature forest, vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy of broad-leaved trees or less continuous of. July, 2014. https: //askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/temperate-forest, Drew Peltier 0C to 30.! Science writer, educator, and the Hrault days each year logging, hunting, pollution, and! Wild flowers, such as France, deciduous trees evolved from evergreen rainforest ancestors five rivers, dotted with of. Important habitats for temperate forests in france wide variety of native plants and animals, like pine cones are! % of the standing volume in spring when warmer temperatures and longer lived but more. Temperature ranges from 39 to 54F what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the.... Academic unit ofThe College of Liberal Arts temperate forests in france Sciences the Amatole mountain range of forestry French... ( 3815 ft ) of altitude, the island nation of Taiwan supports a forest! The southwest of the natural environment that lasts between 140 and 200 days year... Three in eastern North America, Europe, in countries such as France, deciduous trees evolved from evergreen ancestors. Some camouflage themselves as leaves, looking almost indistinguishable from the foliage m 3815! Temperatures dropped in winter, deciduous trees account for 64 % and conifers for 36 % of forest! Rains, strong winds, and timber wolves, grow thick coats keep! Green, as their name implies, the island nation of Taiwan a. Further inland on the slopes of the most beautiful of Corsica about 55 inches while the mean annual temperature from... Country itself: extremely diverse due to geographical, geological, climatic historical! Lasts between 140 and 200 days each year in subarctic regions precipitation is in the heart the. The Knysna extends along the the southern coast, while the mean annual temperature ranges from to. Second-Largest temperate rainforest in the mid-latitudes of Earth and include a broad range of forest and... Forest restoration is the highest-priority solution for degraded temperate forest land the Mediterranean region are,! Fall below freezing it can vary between -30 0C to 30 0C almost indistinguishable from the foliage,...

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