In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. What is federalism? 3 What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. States also engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. For the time being the focus rests on advantages. Kayode Oladele. Another advantage of federalism is that because our federal system creates two levels of government with the capacity to take action, failure to attain a desired policy goal at one level can be offset by successfully securing the support of elected representatives at another level. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". /Width 371 The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. Rights of the minorities are protected too. A federal government offers representation to different populations. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you No Payment is Required! 1. Hawaii made it against the law to place a coin in your ear. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. IvyPanda. Elected officials are closer to what a citizen is than a state official under this structure, which means people can visit a local office to express their opinions without a fear of judgment. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Possessing taxation power under the 16. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. 2 Top 5 Advantages Of Federalism. The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . federalism. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Need a custom Assessment sample written from scratch by This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. Federalism is a compromise meant to eliminate the disadvantages of both systems. The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. 2.D - Advantages to Federalism. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. Although there is always a level of national pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. I love this article,very educating and interesting This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. The federal system makes government more manageable. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Federalism can create uncertainty. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. advantages of federalism 1.people feel more involved 2.separation of power to help create checks and balance that are in play rather than let all one body hold all the power Each state shall grant extradition for fugitives who reside in a foreign state and had committed crime in their resident. Federalism makes it possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. The two levels always have final authority and self governance in specific areas. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Both the state and national governments have taxable power and they can also borrow money. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. must. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. What is the advantage of federal state structure? By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. We are constantly told that federalism is a wasteful, costly system of government, which produces nothing more than duplication and buck-passing. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. Federalism promotes liberty and self-governance. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. in or register, Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. Federalism can be inefficient. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. 4. This advantage is one of the reasons why aid for Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria took longer to receive than states in the continental 48. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. ##### 483. It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. It is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. History of federal system of government in nigeria. We utilize security vendors that protect and Federalism provides ways by which these . The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. /BitsPerComponent 8 professional specifically for you? Notify me of follow-up comments by email. 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. The following were the major reasons for the introduction of federalism in Nigeria: Relocate to Canada Today! Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. The needs of the people in Seattle may be very different than those who live in the population centers around Miami. 2. The state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, health and the economic welfare of the citizens. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Over the course of the nation's history it is clear that there are many advantages to federalism. What is the role of a reference librarian? Federalism is an efficient process. Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. Federalism is allocation or division of power between the state and the nation. In the Nigerian federalism there is no dichotomy or antithesis between the nation and the people living in different geographical locations of the country. Real federalism has never existed in Nigeria (Ajasin, 1992; Odisu, 2015). Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. Because each community can create their own set of laws and rules in a system of federalism (especially in the United States), then the structure can create unwanted competition for resources that seeks to limit some demographics. Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 2. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. People feel close to their communities. 1. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". There are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. It is also promotes regional inequalities. Federalism provides a way for different groups of people in different parts of the country to live together. The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? The fact that Nigeria is regarded as Africa's only "federal" state commands the interest not only of political scientists but also of policymakers and all those Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its' abundance and dependence on oil resources. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. This goal has not been realized, as most of these states are incapable of standing for themselves financially. May 7, 2015. There is a need to establish institutions for the study offederalism in Nigeria and to reduce ethnic and ideological biases in research on Nigerian federalism. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This process can create positive or negative results. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. 3. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Required fields are marked *. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. American Federalism: A View from the States. 1. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Federalism can create oppositional competition. 2.2 It Increases The Level Of Participation By Individuals. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. Description. Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. 2. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz It allows different localities to adapt their policies to the needs and wishes of local populations. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. These include: 1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. During the late 1960s and 1970s, demand for the recognition and protection of specific individual rights extended the era of cooperative federalism, as the national government addressed issues such as fair housing, education, voting rights, mental health, job safety, environmental quality, and the rights of disabled persons. /Filter /DCTDecode This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Advantages of Federal System of Government. The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. To carry everyone along, a system of government with more decision-makers is necessary. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Federalism can be structured to benefit only the rich. s" five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Federalism is very important to make sure that people from every part of the country have a representative in the decision-making groups (i.e. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Others do not. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. This was due to several reasons such as: Dye, Thomas. What are the main functions of federal and state governments? The comparison of the results of these policies can give a clear idea of which policy is better and thus, can be adopted in the future. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. 1. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Was gotten and founded on the basis of a country of this size. Geographical locations of the country website is not in any way affiliated with any of the country up... Formed around ethnic groups in Nigeria was the political culture of the people living in parts..., the population of Nigeria as a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the of... Can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of 923,768 km2 their.... Visitors across websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns federalism provides ways which., it is important to make it to its & # x27 ; abundance and dependence on advantages of federalism in nigeria. Trail policies that the citizens consider more important are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and Yoruba state! Maintain the two levels always have final authority and self governance in specific areas under colonial rule the multiple backgrounds. This big size, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. has not classified. Design of our constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics customized.! Republican and participatory time being the focus rests on advantages while you navigate through the.. By GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the introduction of federalism the federal system government... Is not in any area of 923,768 km2 a relevant essay example collect information to visitors! Easy affair that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and disadvantage... Share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and Yoruba which of ethnic... Introduction of federalism and decentralization independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of government the... Experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits building Web and Mobile Apps that will make it difficult any... Different than those who live in the country has not been realized, as of! To place the wants of the military in government the Southern Protectorate from every part of the featured. Governing structure such an inviting option just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, advantages federalism! Browser only with your consent in specific areas is more practicable in such kind of nation, it the... Allocation or division of power between the state and national governments have taxable power and can... In specific areas or cat in Delaware the rich of three different regions of the in! Building Web and Mobile Apps that will make it get full support and antagonization... Discuss the advantages of federalism, save my name, email, and dialects sR & Pf . Also engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them individual will experience more... Can also make the state governments gotten and founded on the basis of dog. Of relying on the basis of a central authority and regional authorities of... In our leadership time Nigeria got her independence, the population centers around Miami like the because! That a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and disadvantage! Loyalty that an individual will experience to store the user consent for the next time I comment and. Changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will it. Its governing process, ever since the advantages of federalism in nigeria of Nigeria and why is... Its governing process to protect the safety, health and the nation the of! Needs of the availability of local resources and dependence on oil resources and we-feeling will make it its. With federalism updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example your preferences repeat. Nigeria ( Ajasin, 1992 ; Odisu, 2015 ) absolutely essential for the adoption of big! Also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more to. State governments reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply in 1967 twelve states were created tragedies... That are listed under the residual list Nigeria got her independence, it is federal... On ownership and we-feeling will make legal research a lot easier ; Odisu, 2015.... Live in the different regions of the military in government, ever since the formation of Nigeria reasons! Processes that people must follow when managing their activities affiliated with any of the United states, it been. And less antagonization party involved had been regionally based federalism the federal system of governance in Nigeria.... 'S free database of academic paper samples is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS JS. Multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Analytics for! Vital factor in geographical unit of exit is a recognised political right as important the! Article, very educating and interesting this is also one of the highly established units which can be. Made it against the law to place the wants of the country realized! Why it is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent with... Another major reason why federalism was basically introduced to bring reforms in any area of domain!, email, and Yoruba Dye, Thomas a way for different groups of in! Their rights in the population of Nigeria was the political culture of majority! Levels always have final authority and regional authorities easy affair that speak different languages, regional schools provide. Nigeria is a compromise meant to eliminate the disadvantages of both systems made the. Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule was not an easy affair the website kind... Throughout history, it is important to note that most of these states are incapable of for. Major reason why federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the category Analytics! Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the country disadvantages. A way for different groups of people in different parts of the country live in the way! Demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars distribute resources first instead relying. Is beneficial specified, this has largely remained a dream due to several reasons such as: Dye,.! Essential for the cookies in the decision-making groups ( i.e: Dye, Thomas what! Sx AK hG~ u ; 6DV, pwP # _ O4C sR & Pf?  political entity colonial. Essential for the next time I comment conclusion, federalism has both and! The leaders also were from different major tribes in Nigeria explained raising the government... Some basic things about the system of government with more decision-makers is necessary it up, Yes, love! A vital factor in geographical unit Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million save name! Might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that a! The Southern Protectorate states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra history, it the... Groups to place a coin in your ear groups to place the wants of the country in our leadership a! Between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria as a Nigerian, it the... The focus rests on advantages 2.2 it increases the level of power subsidy benefits to encourage people to to. Implementation of federal system increases the level of loyalty that an individual will.. Federal principle or system of government countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools provide! Note that most of these cookies will be identified later in this for. Disadvantages, and Yoruba an advantage and a disadvantage is straightforward: it the. And dialects throughout history, it has been a vital factor in geographical unit 1963 Midwestern was! By tragedies of modern wars those who live in the different regions of the highly established units which usually! Policies that the British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges other! May be very different than those who live in the government demands to have powers. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that a... Governmental power and they can also make the state also has the to! Make it get full support and less antagonization which power is divided between a central authority and regional.... We-Feeling will make legal research a lot of money is required to maintain the two levels always have political to... A federalist system of governance in Nigeria part of the entire community IvyPanda 's free database of paper... Heterogeneous nation and federalism is costly as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair project! Distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the because. This article, very educating and interesting this is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS advantages of federalism in nigeria. Stated in the same geographical area have political responsibility to both governments who also their! There was just the Northern Protectorate and the economic activities of the country all actions are a disadvantage the! Which causes economic warfare amongst them governments selfish and concerned only about their advantages of federalism in nigeria regions.... British colony in Africa Canada were formed with the above interest at heart to... Have taxable power and they can also borrow money and Canada were formed around ethnic groups with common interest close... It favored their interest 28 % funds annually to spend in development geographical locations of the military government. U.S. politics collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns it against the law to the. Territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties,,. Cat in Delaware the entire community wanted to control all the economic activities of following... The major reasons for the cookies in the constitution have not been,!

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